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@ARTICLE{vonPapen:201391,
      author       = {von Papen, Mitra and Fisse, Mirabell and Sarfeld,
                      Anna-Sophia and Fink, Gereon R. and Nowak, Dennis A.},
      title        = {{T}he effects of 1 {H}z r{TMS} preconditioned by t{DCS} on
                      gait kinematics in {P}arkinson’s disease},
      journal      = {Journal of neural transmission},
      volume       = {121},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1435-1463},
      address      = {Wien [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03686},
      pages        = {743 - 754},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Hypokinetic gait is a common and very disabling symptom of
                      Parkinson’s disease (PD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic
                      stimulation (rTMS) over the motor cortex has been used with
                      variable effectiveness to treat hypokinesia in PD.
                      Preconditioning rTMS by transcranial direct current
                      stimulation (tDCS) may enhance its effectiveness to treat
                      hypokinetic gait in PD. Three-dimensional kinematic gait
                      analysis was performed (1) prior to, (2) immediately after
                      and (3) 30 min after low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz, 900 pulses,
                      80 $\%$ of resting motor threshold) over M1 contralateral to
                      the more affected body side preconditioned by (1) cathodal,
                      (2) anodal or (3) sham tDCS (amperage: 1 mA, duration: 10
                      min) in ten subjects with PD (7 females, mean age 63 ± 9
                      years) and ten healthy subjects (four females, mean age 50
                      ± 11 years). The effects of tDCS-preconditioned rTMS on
                      gait kinematics were assessed by the following parameters:
                      number of steps, step length, stride length, double support
                      time, cadence, swing and stance phases. Our data suggest a
                      bilateral improvement of hypokinetic gait in PD after 1 Hz
                      rTMS over M1 of the more affected body side preceded by
                      anodal tDCS. In contrast, 1 Hz rTMS alone (preceded by sham
                      tDCS) and 1 Hz rTMS preceded by cathodal tDCS were
                      ineffective to improve gait kinematics in PD. In healthy
                      subjects, gait kinematics was unaffected by either
                      intervention. Preconditioning motor cortex rTMS by tDCS is a
                      promising approach to treat hypokinetic gait in PD.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000338276800007},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24562404},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00702-014-1178-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/201391},
}