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@ARTICLE{Schmale:201539,
      author       = {Schmale, K. and Barthel, J. and Bernemann, M. and
                      Grünebaum, M. and Koops, S. and Schmidt, Marita and Mayer,
                      J. and Wiemhöfer, H. -D.},
      title        = {{AFM} investigations on the influence of {C}$_{{O}2}$
                      exposure on
                      {B}a$_{0.5}${S}r$_{0.5}${C}o$_{0.8}${F}e$_{0.2}${O}$_{3–δ}$},
      journal      = {Journal of solid state electrochemistry},
      volume       = {17},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1433-0768},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03833},
      pages        = {2897 - 2907},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {In this work, fresh and CO2-exposed specimens of
                      Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ (BSCF) are examined by atomic
                      force microscopy (AFM) using amplitude-modulated Kelvin
                      probe force microscopy (KPFM) and also electrostatic force
                      microscopy (EFM) to characterize the early stages of the
                      formation of reaction products due to reaction with gaseous
                      CO2. A comparison is made with results from electron
                      microscopy on the same samples. BSCF specimens exposed for
                      24 and 240 h to an atmosphere of 99.9 $\%$ CO2 at 900 °C,
                      respectively, were analyzed and compared with non-exposed
                      specimens. The observation of interconnected carbonate
                      islands on BSCF forming a continuous carbonate layer after
                      some exposure to CO2 indicates a Stranski–Krastanov or
                      Volmer–Weber growth mechanism of the carbonate layer. Our
                      results demonstrate that the measurement of surface
                      potential variations by means of KPFM and EFM constitutes a
                      very sensitive technique to detect the formation of reaction
                      layers on gas permeation membranes such as BSCF. In contrast
                      to electron microscopy techniques, scanning probe techniques
                      permit the investigation of the topography and of
                      electrochemical characteristics of the sample surface as
                      received and without further preparation.},
      cin          = {PGI-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-5-20110106},
      pnm          = {42G - Peter Grünberg-Centre (PG-C) (POF2-42G41)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-42G41},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000325615000019},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10008-013-2159-3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/201539},
}