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@ARTICLE{Jonson:201775,
      author       = {Jonson, J. E. and Stohl, A. and Fiore, A. M. and Hess, P.
                      and Szopa, S. and Wild, O. and Zeng, G. and Dentener, F. J.
                      and Lupu, A. and Schultz, Martin and Duncan, B. N. and Sudo,
                      K. and Wind, P. and Schulz, M. and Marmer, E. and Cuvelier,
                      C. and Keating, T. and Zuber, A. and Valdebenito, A. and
                      Dorokhov, V. and De Backer, H. and Davies, J. and Chen, G.
                      H. and Johnson, B. and Tarasick, D. W. and Stübi, R. and
                      Newchurch, M. J. and von der Gathen, P. and Steinbrecht, W.
                      and Claude, H.},
      title        = {{A} multi-model analysis of vertical ozone profiles},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04069},
      pages        = {5759 - 5783},
      year         = {2010},
      abstract     = {A multi-model study of the long-range transport of ozone
                      and its precursors from major anthropogenic source regions
                      was coordinated by the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport
                      of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on
                      Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). Vertical
                      profiles of ozone at 12-h intervals from 2001 are available
                      from twelve of the models contributing to this study and are
                      compared here with observed profiles from ozonesondes. The
                      contributions from each major source region are analysed for
                      selected sondes, and this analysis is supplemented by
                      retroplume calculations using the FLEXPART Lagrangian
                      particle dispersion model to provide insight into the origin
                      of ozone transport events and the cause of differences
                      between the models and observations.In the boundary layer
                      ozone levels are in general strongly affected by regional
                      sources and sinks. With a considerably longer lifetime in
                      the free troposphere, ozone here is to a much larger extent
                      affected by processes on a larger scale such as
                      intercontinental transport and exchange with the
                      stratosphere. Such individual events are difficult to trace
                      over several days or weeks of transport. This may explain
                      why statistical relationships between models and ozonesonde
                      measurements are far less satisfactory than shown in
                      previous studies for surface measurements at all seasons.
                      The lowest bias between model-calculated ozone profiles and
                      the ozonesonde measurements is seen in the winter and autumn
                      months. Following the increase in photochemical activity in
                      the spring and summer months, the spread in model results
                      increases, and the agreement between ozonesonde measurements
                      and the individual models deteriorates further.At selected
                      sites calculated contributions to ozone levels in the free
                      troposphere from intercontinental transport are shown.
                      Intercontinental transport is identified based on
                      differences in model calculations with unperturbed emissions
                      and emissions reduced by $20\%$ by region. Intercontinental
                      transport of ozone is finally determined based on
                      differences in model ensemble calculations. With emissions
                      perturbed by $20\%$ per region, calculated intercontinental
                      contributions to ozone in the free troposphere range from
                      less than 1 ppb to 3 ppb, with small contributions in
                      winter. The results are corroborated by the retroplume
                      calculations. At several locations the seasonal
                      contributions to ozone in the free troposphere from
                      intercontinental transport differ from what was shown
                      earlier at the surface using the same dataset. The large
                      spread in model results points to a need of further
                      evaluation of the chemical and physical processes in order
                      to improve the credibility of global model results.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000279391100030},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-10-5759-2010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/201775},
}