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@ARTICLE{Zimmermann:201935,
      author       = {Zimmermann, Marco and Grabemann, Marco and Mette, Christian
                      and Abdel-Hamid, Mona and Ueckermann, Jennifer and Kraemer,
                      Markus and Wiltfang, Jens and Kis, Bernhard and Zepf,
                      Florian Daniel},
      title        = {{T}he {E}ffects of {A}cute {T}ryptophan {D}epletion on
                      {R}eactive {A}ggression in {A}dults with
                      {A}ttention-{D}eficit/{H}yperactivity {D}isorder ({ADHD})
                      and {H}ealthy {C}ontrols},
      journal      = {PLoS one},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {Lawrence, Kan.},
      publisher    = {PLoS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04225},
      pages        = {e32023 -},
      year         = {2012},
      abstract     = {BackgroundThe neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been
                      linked to the underlying neurobiology of aggressive
                      behavior, particularly with evidence from studies in animals
                      and humans. However, the underlying neurobiology of
                      aggression remains unclear in the context of
                      attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a disorder
                      known to be associated with aggression and impulsivity. We
                      investigated the effects of acute tryptophan depletion
                      (ATD), and the resulting diminished central nervous
                      serotonergic neurotransmission, on reactive aggression in
                      healthy controls and adults with ADHD.Methodology/Principal
                      FindingsTwenty male patients with ADHD and twenty healthy
                      male controls were subjected to ATD with an amino acid (AA)
                      beverage that lacked tryptophan (TRP, the physiological
                      precursor of 5-HT) and a TRP-balanced AA beverage (BAL) in a
                      double-blind, within-subject crossover-study over two study
                      days. We assessed reactive aggression 3.25 hours after
                      ATD/BAL intake using a point-subtraction aggression game
                      (PSAG) in which participants played for points against a
                      fictitious opponent. Point subtraction was taken as a
                      measure for reactive aggression. Lowered rates of reactive
                      aggression were found in the ADHD group under ATD after low
                      provocation (LP), with controls showing the opposite effect.
                      In patients with ADHD, trait-impulsivity was negatively
                      correlated with the ATD effect on reactive aggression after
                      LP. Statistical power was limited due to large standard
                      deviations observed in the data on point subtraction, which
                      may limit the use of this particular paradigm in adults with
                      ADHD.Conclusions/SignificanceTogether with previous
                      findings, the data provide preliminary evidence of an
                      inverse association between trait-impulsivity and the ATD
                      effect on reactive aggression after LP (as assessed by the
                      PSAG) in patients with ADHD and that this relationship can
                      be found in both adolescents and adults. Because of limited
                      statistical power larger sample sizes are needed to find
                      main effects of ATD/BAL administration on reactive
                      aggression in adults with ADHD.},
      cin          = {INM-3 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000303198600014},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22431971},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0032023},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/201935},
}