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@ARTICLE{Bilali:202022,
      author       = {Bilalić, Merim and Langner, Robert and Erb, Michael and
                      Grodd, Wolfgang},
      title        = {{M}echanisms and neural basis of object and pattern
                      recognition: {A} study with chess experts.},
      journal      = {Journal of experimental psychology / General},
      volume       = {139},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1939-2222},
      address      = {[Washington, DC]},
      publisher    = {Assoc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04311},
      pages        = {728 - 742},
      year         = {2010},
      abstract     = {Comparing experts with novices offers unique insights into
                      the functioning of cognition based on the maximization of
                      individual differences Here we used this expertise approach
                      to disentangle the mechanisms and neural basis behind two
                      processes that contribute to everyday expertise object and
                      pattern recognition We compared chess experts and novices
                      performing chess related and unrelated (visual) search tasks
                      As expected the superiority of experts was limited to the
                      chess specific task as there were no differences in a
                      control task that used the same chess stimuli but did not
                      require chess specific recognition The analysis of eye
                      movements showed that experts immediately and exclusively
                      focused on the relevant aspects in the chess task whereas
                      novices also examined irrelevant aspects With random chess
                      positions when pattern knowledge could not be used to guide
                      perception experts nevertheless maintained an advantage
                      Experts superior domain specific parafoveal vision a
                      consequence of their knowledge about individual domain
                      specific symbols enabled Improved object recognition
                      Functional magnetic resonance imaging corroborated this
                      differentiation between object and pattern recognition and
                      showed that chess specific object recognition was
                      accompanied by bilateral activation of the occipitotemporal
                      junction whereas chess specific pattern recognition was
                      related to bilateral activations in the middle part of the
                      collateral sulci Using the expertise approach together with
                      carefully chosen controls and multiple dependent measures we
                      identified object and pattern recognition as two essential
                      cognitive processes in expert visual cognition which may
                      also help to explain the mechanisms of everyday perception},
      cin          = {INM-2},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000284442500010},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21038986},
      doi          = {10.1037/a0020756},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/202022},
}