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@ARTICLE{Quednow:202023,
      author       = {Quednow, B. B. and Brinkmeyer, J. and Mobascher, A. and
                      Nothnagel, M. and Musso, F. and Grunder, G. and Savary, N.
                      and Petrovsky, N. and Frommann, I. and Lennertz, L. and
                      Spreckelmeyer, K. N. and Wienker, T. F. and Dahmen, N. and
                      Thuerauf, N. and Clepce, M. and Kiefer, F. and Majic, T. and
                      Mossner, R. and Maier, W. and Gallinat, J. and Diaz-Lacava,
                      A. and Toliat, M. R. and Thiele, H. and Nurnberg, P. and
                      Wagner, M. and Winterer, G.},
      title        = {{S}chizophrenia risk polymorphisms in the {TCF}4 gene
                      interact with smoking in the modulation of auditory sensory
                      gating},
      journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                      United States of America},
      volume       = {109},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {1091-6490},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {National Acad. of Sciences},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04312},
      pages        = {6271 - 6276},
      year         = {2012},
      abstract     = {Several polymorphisms of the transcription factor 4 (TCF4)
                      have been shown to increase the risk for schizophrenia,
                      particularly TCF4 rs9960767. This polymorphism is associated
                      with impaired sensorimotor gating measured by prepulse
                      inhibition—an established endophenotype of schizophrenia.
                      We therefore investigated whether TCF4 polymorphisms also
                      affect another proposed endophenotype of schizophrenia,
                      namely sensory gating assessed by P50 suppression of the
                      auditory evoked potential. Although sensorimotor gating and
                      sensory gating are not identical, recent data suggest that
                      they share genetic fundamentals. In a multicenter study at
                      six academic institutions throughout Germany, we applied an
                      auditory P50 suppression paradigm to 1,821 subjects (1,023
                      never-smokers, 798 smokers) randomly selected from the
                      general population. Samples were genotyped for 21 TCF4
                      polymorphisms. Given that smoking is highly prevalent in
                      schizophrenia and affects sensory gating, we also assessed
                      smoking behavior, cotinine plasma concentrations, exhaled
                      carbon monoxide, and the Fagerström Test (FTND). P50
                      suppression was significantly decreased in carriers of
                      schizophrenia risk alleles of the TCF4 polymorphisms
                      rs9960767, rs10401120rs, rs17597926, and 17512836 (P <
                      0.0002–0.00005). These gene effects were modulated by
                      smoking behavior as indicated by significant interactions of
                      TCF4 genotype and smoking status; heavy smokers (FTND score
                      ≥4) showed stronger gene effects on P50 suppression than
                      light smokers and never-smokers. Our finding suggests that
                      sensory gating is modulated by an interaction of TCF4
                      genotype with smoking, and both factors may play a role in
                      early information processing deficits also in schizophrenia.
                      Consequently, considering smoking behavior may facilitate
                      the search for genetic risk factors for schizophrenia.},
      cin          = {INM-3 / INM-4},
      ddc          = {000},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000303246100073},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22451930},
      doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1118051109},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/202023},
}