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@ARTICLE{Bonn:202039,
      author       = {Bonn, B. and Bourtsoukidis, E. and Sun, T. S. and Bingemer,
                      H. and Rondo, L. and Javed, U. and Li, J. and Axinte, R. and
                      Li, Xin and Brauers, T. and Sonderfeld, H. and Koppmann, R.
                      and Sogachev, A. and Jacobi, S. and Spracklen, D. V.},
      title        = {{T}he link between atmospheric radicals and newly formed
                      particles at a spruce forest site in {G}ermany},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {19},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04328},
      pages        = {10823 - 10843},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {It has been claimed for more than a century that
                      atmospheric new particle formation is primarily influenced
                      by the presence of sulfuric acid. However, the activation
                      process of sulfuric acid related clusters into detectable
                      particles is still an unresolved topic. In this study we
                      focus on the PARADE campaign measurements conducted during
                      August/September 2011 at Mt Kleiner Feldberg in central
                      Germany. During this campaign a set of radicals, organic and
                      inorganic compounds and oxidants and aerosol properties were
                      measured or calculated. We compared a range of organic and
                      inorganic nucleation theories, evaluating their ability to
                      simulate measured particle formation rates at 3 nm in
                      diameter (J3) for a variety of different conditions.
                      Nucleation mechanisms involving only sulfuric acid
                      tentatively captured the observed noon-time daily maximum in
                      J3, but displayed an increasing difference to J3
                      measurements during the rest of the diurnal cycle. Including
                      large organic radicals, i.e. organic peroxy radicals (RO2)
                      deriving from monoterpenes and their oxidation products, in
                      the nucleation mechanism improved the correlation between
                      observed and simulated J3. This supports a recently proposed
                      empirical relationship for new particle formation that has
                      been used in global models. However, the best match between
                      theory and measurements for the site of interest was found
                      for an activation process based on large organic peroxy
                      radicals and stabilised Criegee intermediates (sCI). This
                      novel laboratory-derived algorithm simulated the daily
                      pattern and intensity of J3 observed in the ambient data. In
                      this algorithm organic derived radicals are involved in
                      activation and growth and link the formation rate of
                      smallest aerosol particles with OH during daytime and NO3
                      during night-time. Because the RO2 lifetime is controlled by
                      HO2 and NO we conclude that peroxy radicals and NO seem to
                      play an important role for ambient radical chemistry not
                      only with respect to oxidation capacity but also for the
                      activation process of new particle formation. This is
                      supposed to have significant impact of atmospheric radical
                      species on aerosol chemistry and should be taken into
                      account when studying the impact of new particles in climate
                      feedback cycles.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000344164800027},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-14-10823-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/202039},
}