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@ARTICLE{Berger:202074,
      author       = {Berger, Cornelius and Tokariev, Oleg A. and Orzessek, Peter
                      and Hospach, Andreas and Fang, Qingping and Bram, Martin and
                      Quadakkers, Willem J. and Menzler, Norbert H. and
                      Buchkremer, Hans P.},
      title        = {{D}evelopment of storage materials for high-temperature
                      rechargeable oxide batteries},
      journal      = {Journal of energy storage},
      volume       = {1},
      issn         = {2352-152X},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04363},
      pages        = {54-64},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {A high-temperature rechargeable oxide battery (ROB)
                      comprises a regenerative solid oxide cell (SOC) and
                      oxygen-ion storage that consists of a porous Fe2O3 base
                      redox material. This material possesses good redox kinetics,
                      a high oxygen-ion storage capacity, and an acceptable
                      long-term stability. Yet, observations demonstrate
                      degradation effects such as particle coarsening and an
                      outward diffusion of iron leading to layer formation during
                      operation of the ROB at 800 °C.To clarify the influence of
                      the material composition on degradation, various oxides were
                      added as a stabilizing scaffold for the Fe2O3 base material.
                      Pressed samples of the binary mixtures were sintered in air
                      at 900 °C and subsequently redox-treated up to 20 times
                      under conditions that simulate those present in an actual
                      ROB (800 °C, $Ar–2\%H2$ or $Ar–7\%H2O–2\%H2).$
                      Afterwards, the degradation properties were analyzed by
                      laser microscopy and the phase composition was measured
                      using X-ray diffraction. Results indicate that the addition
                      of yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) or pure zirconia (ZrO2)
                      can suppress structural degradation thus maintaining
                      reaction kinetics. In contrast, the use of yttria (Y2O3)
                      does not significantly mitigate degradation phenomena.
                      Consequently, storage components consisting of 8YSZ and
                      Fe2O3 were employed in an ROB test, resulting in more than
                      200 cycles with a current density of 150 mA/cm2 and cycle
                      durations of up to 70 min.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-2 / IEK-3},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602) / HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary
                      Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate Research (HITEC)
                      (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000218491200007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.est.2014.12.001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/202074},
}