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@ARTICLE{Nettekoven:202335,
      author       = {Nettekoven, Charlotte and Volz, Lukas J. and Leimbach,
                      Martha and Pool, Eva-Maria and Rehme, Anne and Eickhoff,
                      Simon and Fink, Gereon R. and Grefkes, Christian},
      title        = {{I}nter-individual variability in cortical excitability and
                      motor network connectivity following multiple blocks of
                      r{TMS}},
      journal      = {NeuroImage},
      volume       = {118},
      issn         = {1053-8119},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Academic Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04599},
      pages        = {209 - 218},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The responsiveness to non-invasive neuromodulation
                      protocols shows high inter-individual variability, the
                      reasons of which remain poorly understood. We here tested
                      whether the response to intermittent theta-burst stimulation
                      (iTBS) – an effective repetitive transcranial magnetic
                      stimulation (rTMS) protocol for increasing cortical
                      excitability – depends on network properties of the
                      cortical motor system. We furthermore investigated whether
                      the responsiveness to iTBS is dose-dependent.To this end, we
                      used a sham-stimulation controlled, single-blinded
                      within-subject design testing for the relationship between
                      iTBS aftereffects and (i) motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) as
                      well as (ii) resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in
                      16 healthy subjects. In each session, three blocks of iTBS
                      were applied, separated by 15 min.We found that
                      non-responders (subjects not showing an MEP increase of ≥
                      $10\%$ after one iTBS block) featured stronger rsFC between
                      the stimulated primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor areas
                      before stimulation compared to responders. However, only the
                      group of responders showed increases in rsFC and MEPs, while
                      most non-responders remained close to baseline levels after
                      all three blocks of iTBS. Importantly, there was still a
                      large amount of variability in both groups.Our data suggest
                      that responsiveness to iTBS at the local level (i.e., M1
                      excitability) depends upon the pre-interventional network
                      connectivity of the stimulated region. Of note, increasing
                      iTBS dose did not turn non-responders into responders. The
                      finding that higher levels of pre-interventional
                      connectivity precluded a response to iTBS could reflect a
                      ceiling effect underlying non-responsiveness to iTBS at the
                      systems leve},
      cin          = {INM-3 / INM-1},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572) / HBP - The
                      Human Brain Project (604102)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572 / G:(EU-Grant)604102},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000360630200021},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26052083},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.004},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/202335},
}