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@ARTICLE{Hofmann:202873,
      author       = {Hofmann, Diana and Preuss, G. and Mätzler, C.},
      title        = {{E}vidence for biological shaping of hair ice},
      journal      = {Biogeosciences},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1726-4189},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-05021},
      pages        = {4261 - 4273},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Evidence for biological shaping of hair iceD. Hofmann1, G.
                      Preuss2 and C. Mätzler31 Institute of Bio- and Geosciences,
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany2 57555 Brachbach,
                      Germany3 Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern,
                      SwitzerlandAn unusual ice type, called hair ice, grows on
                      the surface of dead wood of broad-leaf trees at temperatures
                      slightly below 0°C. We describe this phenomenon and present
                      physical, chemical, and biological investigations to gain
                      insight in the properties and processes related to hair ice.
                      Tests revealed that the biological activity of a
                      winter-active fungus is required in the wood for enabling
                      the growth of hair ice. We confirmed the fungus hypothesis
                      originally suggested by Wegener (1918) by reproducing hair
                      ice on wood samples. Treatment by heat and fungicide,
                      respectively, suppresses the formation of hair ice. Fruiting
                      bodies of Asco- and Basidiomycota are identified on hair-ice
                      carrying wood. One species, Exidiopsis effusa (Ee), has been
                      present on all investigated samples. Both hair-ice producing
                      wood samples and those with killed fungus show essentially
                      the same temperature variation, indicating that the heat
                      produced by fungal metabolism is very small, that the
                      freezing rate is not influenced by the fungus activity and
                      that ice segregation is the common mechanism of ice growth
                      at the wood surface. The fungus plays the role of shaping
                      the ice hairs and to prevent them from recrystallisation.
                      Melted hair ice indicates the presence of organic matter.
                      Chemical analyses show a complex mixture of several thousand
                      CHO(N,S)-compounds similar to fulvic acids in dissolved
                      organic matter (DOM). The evaluation reveals decomposed
                      lignin as the main constituent. Further work is needed to
                      clarify its role in hair-ice growth and to identify the
                      recrystallisation inhibitor.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000358800900006},
      doi          = {10.5194/bg-12-4261-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/202873},
}