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000020334 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1029/2011JD016386
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000020334 084__ $$2WoS$$aMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
000020334 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTrebs, I.$$b0
000020334 245__ $$aImpact of the Manaus urban plume on trace gas mixing ratios near the surface in the Amazon Basin: Implications for the NO-NO2-O3 photostationary state and peroxy radical levels
000020334 260__ $$aWashington, DC$$bUnion$$c2012
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000020334 440_0 $$06393$$aJournal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres$$v117$$x0148-0227
000020334 500__ $$3POF3_Assignment on 2016-02-29
000020334 500__ $$aThe data presented in this study were acquired within the framework of LBA. The project was funded by the Max Planck Society. It was additionally supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technologica (CNPq) and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA). We gratefully acknowledge Paraiso D'Angelo and its owner J. D'Angelo, the captains, the crew and the electrician of the boats, as well as the staff from the MPIC workshop. We like to thank A. Camargo and M. Richardson for their support during the measurements and P. Stefani and A. C. de Araujo for providing the meteorological data from the K34 tower. We are indebted to A. Thielmann and the aircraft team for the airborne measurements. We thank G. Schebeske for analyzing the VOC samples, B. Mamtimin for generating the GIS map of the study area and J.-C. Mayer for helping create the graphs. We are grateful to E. Regelin, D. Kubistin, and H. Harder for their support with the box model CAABA/MECCA-3.0 and to H. Fischer for the discussion of the results. We credit the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for making the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model available.
000020334 520__ $$aWe measured the mixing ratios of NO, NO2, O-3, and volatile organic carbon as well as the aerosol light-scattering coefficient on a boat platform cruising on rivers downwind of the city of Manaus (Amazonas State, Brazil) in July 2001 (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia-Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment-2001). The dispersion and impact of the Manaus plume was investigated by a combined analysis of ground-based (boat platform) and airborne trace gas and aerosol measurements as well as by meteorological measurements complemented by dispersion calculations (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model). For the cases with the least anthropogenic influence (including a location in a so far unexplored region similar to 150 km west of Manaus on the Rio Manacapuru), the aerosol scattering coefficient, sigma(s), was below 11 Mm(-1), NOx mixing ratios remained below 0.6 ppb, daytime O-3 mixing ratios were mostly below 20 ppb and maximal isoprene mixing ratios were about 3 ppb in the afternoon. The photostationary state (PSS) was not established for these cases, as indicated by values of the Leighton ratio, Phi, well above unity. Due to the influence of river breeze systems and other thermally driven mesoscale circulations, a change of the synoptic wind direction from east-northeast to south-southeast in the afternoon often caused a substantial increase of ss and trace gas mixing ratios (about threefold for sigma(s), fivefold for NOx, and twofold for O-3), which was associated with the arrival of the Manaus pollution plume at the boat location. The ratio F reached unity within its uncertainty range at NOx mixing ratios of about 3 ppb, indicating "steady-state" conditions in cases when radiation variations, dry deposition, emissions, and reactions mostly involving peroxy radicals (XO2) played a minor role. The median midday/afternoon XO2 mixing ratios estimated using the PSS method range from 90 to 120 parts per trillion (ppt) for the remote cases (sigma(s) < 11 Mm(-1) and NOx < 0.6 ppb), while for the polluted cases our estimates are 15 to 60 ppt. These values are within the range of XO2 estimated by an atmospheric chemistry box model (Chemistry As A Box model Application-Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (CAABA/MECCA)-3.0).
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000020334 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMayol-Bracero, O.L.$$b1
000020334 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPauliquevis, T.$$b2
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000020334 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSander, R.$$b4
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