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@ARTICLE{Trebs:20334,
      author       = {Trebs, I. and Mayol-Bracero, O.L. and Pauliquevis, T. and
                      Kuhn, U. and Sander, R. and Ganzeveld, L. and Meixner, F.X.
                      and Kesselmeier, J. and Artaxo, P. and Andreae, M.O.},
      title        = {{I}mpact of the {M}anaus urban plume on trace gas mixing
                      ratios near the surface in the {A}mazon {B}asin:
                      {I}mplications for the {NO}-{NO}2-{O}3 photostationary state
                      and peroxy radical levels},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {117},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-20334},
      pages        = {D05307},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {The data presented in this study were acquired within the
                      framework of LBA. The project was funded by the Max Planck
                      Society. It was additionally supported by the Fundacao de
                      Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), the
                      Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e
                      Technologica (CNPq) and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
                      da Amazonia (INPA). We gratefully acknowledge Paraiso
                      D'Angelo and its owner J. D'Angelo, the captains, the crew
                      and the electrician of the boats, as well as the staff from
                      the MPIC workshop. We like to thank A. Camargo and M.
                      Richardson for their support during the measurements and P.
                      Stefani and A. C. de Araujo for providing the meteorological
                      data from the K34 tower. We are indebted to A. Thielmann and
                      the aircraft team for the airborne measurements. We thank G.
                      Schebeske for analyzing the VOC samples, B. Mamtimin for
                      generating the GIS map of the study area and J.-C. Mayer for
                      helping create the graphs. We are grateful to E. Regelin, D.
                      Kubistin, and H. Harder for their support with the box model
                      CAABA/MECCA-3.0 and to H. Fischer for the discussion of the
                      results. We credit the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for
                      making the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model
                      available.},
      abstract     = {We measured the mixing ratios of NO, NO2, O-3, and volatile
                      organic carbon as well as the aerosol light-scattering
                      coefficient on a boat platform cruising on rivers downwind
                      of the city of Manaus (Amazonas State, Brazil) in July 2001
                      (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in
                      Amazonia-Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment-2001).
                      The dispersion and impact of the Manaus plume was
                      investigated by a combined analysis of ground-based (boat
                      platform) and airborne trace gas and aerosol measurements as
                      well as by meteorological measurements complemented by
                      dispersion calculations (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian
                      Integrated Trajectory model). For the cases with the least
                      anthropogenic influence (including a location in a so far
                      unexplored region similar to 150 km west of Manaus on the
                      Rio Manacapuru), the aerosol scattering coefficient,
                      sigma(s), was below 11 Mm(-1), NOx mixing ratios remained
                      below 0.6 ppb, daytime O-3 mixing ratios were mostly below
                      20 ppb and maximal isoprene mixing ratios were about 3 ppb
                      in the afternoon. The photostationary state (PSS) was not
                      established for these cases, as indicated by values of the
                      Leighton ratio, Phi, well above unity. Due to the influence
                      of river breeze systems and other thermally driven mesoscale
                      circulations, a change of the synoptic wind direction from
                      east-northeast to south-southeast in the afternoon often
                      caused a substantial increase of ss and trace gas mixing
                      ratios (about threefold for sigma(s), fivefold for NOx, and
                      twofold for O-3), which was associated with the arrival of
                      the Manaus pollution plume at the boat location. The ratio F
                      reached unity within its uncertainty range at NOx mixing
                      ratios of about 3 ppb, indicating "steady-state" conditions
                      in cases when radiation variations, dry deposition,
                      emissions, and reactions mostly involving peroxy radicals
                      (XO2) played a minor role. The median midday/afternoon XO2
                      mixing ratios estimated using the PSS method range from 90
                      to 120 parts per trillion (ppt) for the remote cases
                      (sigma(s) < 11 Mm(-1) and NOx < 0.6 ppb), while for the
                      polluted cases our estimates are 15 to 60 ppt. These values
                      are within the range of XO2 estimated by an atmospheric
                      chemistry box model (Chemistry As A Box model
                      Application-Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of
                      the Atmosphere (CAABA/MECCA)-3.0).},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000301670300002},
      doi          = {10.1029/2011JD016386},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/20334},
}