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@ARTICLE{Peuela:203401,
      author       = {Peñuela, Andrés and Javaux, Mathieu and Bielders, Charles
                      L.},
      title        = {{H}ow do slope and surface roughness affect plot-scale
                      overland flow connectivity?},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {528},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-05344},
      pages        = {192 - 205},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Surface micro-topography and slope drive the hydrological
                      response of plots through the gradual filling of depressions
                      as well as the establishment of hydraulic connections
                      between overflowing depressions. Therefore, quantifying and
                      understanding the effects of surface roughness and slope on
                      plot-scale overland flow connectivity is crucial to improve
                      current hydrological modeling and runoff prediction. This
                      study aimed at establishing predictive equations relating
                      structural and functional connectivity indicators in
                      function of slope and roughness. The Relative Surface
                      Connection function (RSCf) was used as a functional
                      connectivity indicator was applied. Three characteristic
                      parameters were defined to characterize the RSCf: the
                      surface initially connected to the outlet, the connectivity
                      threshold and the maximum depression storage (DSmax).
                      Gaussian surface elevation fields (6 m × 6 m) were
                      generated for a range of slopes and roughnesses (sill σ and
                      range R of the variogram). A full factorial of 6 slopes
                      $(0–15\%),$ 6 values of R (50–400 mm) and 6 values of σ
                      (2–40 mm) was considered, and the RSCf calculated for 10
                      realizations of each combination. Results showed that the
                      characteristic parameters of the RSCf are greatly influenced
                      by R, σ and slope. At low slopes and high ratios of σ/2R,
                      the characteristic parameters of the RSCf appear linked to a
                      single component of the surface roughness (R or σ). On the
                      contrary, both R and σ are needed to predict the RSCf at
                      high slopes and low ratios of σ/2R. A simple
                      conceptualization of surface depressions as rectangles,
                      whose shape was determined by R and σ, allowed deriving
                      simple mathematical expressions to estimate the
                      characteristic parameters of the RSCf in function of R, σ
                      and slope. In the case of DSmax, the proposed equation
                      performed better than previous empirical expressions found
                      in the literature which do not account for the horizontal
                      component of the surface roughness. The proposed expressions
                      allow estimating the characteristic points of the RSCf with
                      reasonable accuracy and could therefore prove useful for
                      integrating plot-scale overland flow connectivity into
                      hydrological models whenever the RSCf presents a
                      well-defined connectivity threshold.Keywords},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000358968200017},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.031},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/203401},
}