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@PHDTHESIS{Bnting:203472,
      author       = {Bünting, Aiko},
      title        = {{H}erstellung von {E}lektrodenstrukturen für
                      {L}ithium-{I}onen-{D}ünnschichtbatterien},
      volume       = {277},
      school       = {Ruhr-Universität Bochum},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-05402},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-073-9},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {v, 151 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Diss., 2015},
      abstract     = {The aim of this work is to prepare electrode structures
                      which are suitable for the application in lithium-ion thin
                      film batteries. If in lithium-ion batteries a thin film
                      solid electrolyte is used instead of liquid electrolyte, the
                      safety, lifetime and energy density can be increased. To get
                      a complete coverage by the solid electrolyte free of any
                      defects, an electrode with a microscopic smooth surface is
                      needed. Electrodes with this property can be produced by
                      physical vapour deposition. Lithium iron phosphate
                      (LiFePO$_{4}$) is chosen as the electrode material. The
                      identifying features of LiFePO$_{4}$ are environmental
                      sustainability, low costs and a high safety. LiFePO$_{4}$
                      thin films were obtained by magnetron sputtering which can
                      be assigned to the physical vapour deposition techniques.
                      This thesis shows that an interaction between substrate and
                      deposited thin film can severely affect the morphology of
                      the sample. On titanium as well as on aluminium iron-rich
                      particles grow on the surface of the deposited thin-film.
                      Some of the iron-rich particles on the surface of the
                      deposited LiFePO$_{4}$ thin film on titanium have a
                      rod-shape structure with lengths of several hundredths of
                      nanometres. An interdiffusion between the titanium substrate
                      and the deposited LiFePO$_{4}$ thin film is proved by
                      secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). By using a titanium
                      nitride interlayer the interdiffusion between titanium and
                      deposited thin film is remarkably reduced. No iron-rich
                      particles grow on the surface which is leading to
                      microscopic smooth surface that can be coated with a thin
                      film solid electrolyte by physical vapour deposition. In
                      comparison with the direct deposition of the LiFePO$_{4}$
                      thin film on titanium, titanium nitride interlayers avoid
                      additionally the formation of further impurity phases.
                      Furthermore, titanium nitride has a positive influence on
                      the crystallisation behaviour and improves the
                      electrochemical performance for thin films with thicknesses
                      of 80 nm and 160 nm. At thicknesses of 320 nm the
                      electrochemical performance on titanium is superior. But in
                      general, only a small amount of the theoretical capacity is
                      used. To enhance the electrochemical performance,
                      LiFePO$_{4}$ thin films with additional carbon (LiFePO$_{4}$
                      +C) have been deposited. These thin films have an increased
                      utilization. However, the increase in utilization cannot be
                      related only to the carbon present in the thin film, it can
                      also be related to the morphology of the thin film. With
                      increasing deposition time a fibre-like structure develops
                      which has a much larger surface area. LiFePO$_{4}$ +C thin
                      films with a smooth surface have comparable capacities to
                      that of pure LiFePO$_{4}$ thin films. The capacity is
                      increased only after the fibre-like structure has
                      developed.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/203472},
}