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@ARTICLE{Lehnhardt:20486,
      author       = {Lehnhardt, F.G. and Gawronski, A. and Volpert, K. and
                      Schilbach, L. and Tepest, R. and Huff, W. and Vogeley, K.},
      title        = {{D}as psychosoziale {F}unktionsniveau spätdiagnostizierter
                      {P}atient{I}nnen mit hochfunktionalem {A}utismus im
                      {E}rwachsenenalter.},
      journal      = {Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie},
      volume       = {80},
      issn         = {0720-4299},
      address      = {Stuttgart [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Thieme},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-20486},
      pages        = {88 - 97},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The first time diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
                      after passing childhood and adolescence is still considered
                      a rare event. However, in recent years an increasing demand
                      for diagnostic clarifications with suspected ASD in
                      adulthood challenges this view. There is insufficient
                      knowledge about the neuropsychological characterisation and
                      psychosocial outcome of this adult subgroup in the autistic
                      spectrum.To determine the psychosocial functioning (living
                      status, partnerships, level of education, psychiatric
                      history) of adult patients with late diagnosed ASD.In a
                      retrospective study, a chart review was conducted on 178
                      consecutively diagnosed individuals at a specialised
                      outpatient clinic for adults with ASD. Global ratings of
                      psychosocial functioning, assessment of psychiatric history
                      and neuropsychological and psychopathological investigations
                      were evaluated.The majority of patients $(92 \%)$ diagnosed
                      with ASD suffered from high-functioning autism
                      (HFA)/Asperger syndrome (AS) according to the criteria of
                      ICD-10 (F84.5). The gender ratio was 2:1 favouring males.
                      Mean age at diagnosis (34.1 ± 9.5 years), general
                      intelligence (HAWIE-R, global-IQ 115 ± 20) and self-rated
                      autistic symptoms (autism spectrum quotient [AQ] 39 ± 6)
                      were not discriminative to gender. The psychiatric history
                      revealed a lifetime consultation rate of $78 \%,$ most
                      frequently with depression $(50 \%).$ The self-report
                      instrument Beck depression inventory (BDI) identified
                      $30 \%$ of individuals presenting with depressive symptoms
                      in clinical relevant intensity (BDI > 17). Achievement of
                      an independent living status was reported by $68 \%$ of
                      individuals, $58 \%$ reported about current or past
                      intimate partnerships and almost two-thirds of the patients
                      had achieved a higher educational status.The majority of ASD
                      diagnosed late in lifetime turned out to be HFA/AS,
                      presenting with high psychosocial adjustment with regard to
                      independent living, educational status and partnerships. The
                      high level of global intelligence supports the hypothesis of
                      cognitively compensated autistic disturbances leading to the
                      diagnosis comparably late in lifetime. The lifetime rate of
                      psychiatric consultations is high, reflecting the importance
                      to consider a diagnosis of ASD even late in life.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Age Factors / Asperger Syndrome: psychology / Child
                      / Child Development Disorders, Pervasive: epidemiology /
                      Child Development Disorders, Pervasive: psychology /
                      Comorbidity / Depression: complications / Depression:
                      psychology / Educational Status / Female / Humans /
                      International Classification of Diseases / Interpersonal
                      Relations / Male / Mental Disorders: etiology / Mental
                      Disorders: psychology / Middle Aged / Neuropsychological
                      Tests / Outpatients / Psychiatric Status Rating Scales /
                      Retrospective Studies / Sex Factors / Social Behavior /
                      Young Adult / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems (FUEK409) /
                      89572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      shelfmark    = {Clinical Neurology / Psychiatry},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22086712},
      UT           = {WOS:000300753900012},
      doi          = {10.1055/s-0031-1281642},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/20486},
}