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@ARTICLE{Zyryanov:20586,
      author       = {Zyryanov, D. and Foret, G. and Eremenko, M. and Beekmann,
                      M. and Cammas, J.-P. and D'Isidoro, M. and Elbern, H. and
                      Flemming, J. and Friese, E. and Kioutsioutkis, I. and
                      Maurizi, A. and Melas, D. and Meleux, F. and Menut, L. and
                      Moinat, P. and Peuch, V.-H. and Poupkou, A. and Razinger, M.
                      and Schultz, M. and Stein, O. and Suttie, A.M. and
                      Valdebenito, A. and Zerefos, C. and Dufour, G. and
                      Bergametti, G. and Flaud, J.-M.},
      title        = {3-{D} evaluation of tropospheric ozone simulations by an
                      ensemble of regional {C}hemistry {T}ransport {M}odel},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-20586},
      pages        = {3219 - 3240},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU.},
      abstract     = {A detailed 3-D evaluation of an ensemble of five regional
                      Chemistry Transport Models (RCTM) and one global CTM with
                      focus on free tropospheric ozone over Europe is presented.
                      It is performed over a summer period (June to August 2008)
                      in the context of the GEMS-RAQ project. A data set of about
                      400 vertical ozone profiles from balloon soundings and
                      commercial aircraft at 11 different locations is used for
                      model evaluation, in addition to satellite measurements with
                      the infrared nadir sounder (IASI) showing largest
                      sensitivity to free tropospheric ozone. In the middle
                      troposphere, the four regional models using the same top and
                      boundary conditions from IFS-MOZART exhibit a systematic
                      negative bias with respect to observed profiles of about
                      $-20\%.$ Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values are constantly
                      growing with altitude, from $22\%$ to $32\%$ to $53\%,$
                      respectively for 0-2 km, 2-8 km and 8-10 km height ranges.
                      Lowest correlation is found in the middle troposphere, with
                      minimum coefficients (R) between 0.2 to 0.45 near 8 km, as
                      compared to 0.7 near the surface and similar values around
                      10 km. A sensitivity test made with the CHIMERE mode also
                      shows that using hourly instead of monthly chemical boundary
                      conditions generally improves the model skill (i.e. improve
                      RMSE and correlation). Lower tropospheric 0-6 km partial
                      ozone columns derived from IASI show a clear North-South
                      gradient over Europe, which is qualitatively reproduced by
                      the models. Also the temporal variability showing decreasing
                      ozone concentrations in the lower troposphere (0-6 km
                      columns) during summer is well reproduced by models even if
                      systematic bias remains (the value of the bias being also
                      controlled by the type of used boundary conditions). A
                      multi-day case study of a trough with low tropopause was
                      conducted and showed that both IASI and models were able to
                      resolve strong horizontal gradients of middle and upper
                      tropospheric ozone occurring in the vicinity of an upper
                      tropospheric frontal zone.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000302806700006},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-12-3219-2012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/20586},
}