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@ARTICLE{Postma:20783,
      author       = {Postma, Johannes Auke and Lynch, J.P.},
      title        = {{C}omplementarity in {R}oot {A}rchitecture for {N}utrient
                      {U}ptake in {A}ncient {M}aize/{B}ean and
                      {M}aize/{B}ean/{S}quash {P}olycultures},
      journal      = {Annals of botany},
      volume       = {110},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0305-7364},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-20783},
      pages        = {521-534},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {During their domestication, maize, bean and squash evolved
                      in polycultures grown by small-scale farmers in the
                      Americas. Polycultures often overyield on low-fertility
                      soils, which are a primary production constraint in
                      low-input agriculture. We hypothesized that root
                      architectural differences among these crops causes niche
                      complementarity and thereby greater nutrient acquisition
                      than corresponding monocultures.A functional-structural
                      plant model, SimRoot, was used to simulate the first 40 d of
                      growth of these crops in monoculture and polyculture and to
                      determine the effects of root competition on nutrient uptake
                      and biomass production of each plant on low-nitrogen,
                      -phosphorus and -potassium soils.Squash, the earliest
                      domesticated crop, was most sensitive to low soil fertility,
                      while bean, the most recently domesticated crop, was least
                      sensitive to low soil fertility. Nitrate uptake and biomass
                      production were up to 7 $\%$ greater in the polycultures
                      than in the monocultures, but only when root architecture
                      was taken into account. Enhanced nitrogen capture in
                      polycultures was independent of nitrogen fixation by bean.
                      Root competition had negligible effects on phosphorus or
                      potassium uptake or biomass production.We conclude that
                      spatial niche differentiation caused by differences in root
                      architecture allows polycultures to overyield when plants
                      are competing for mobile soil resources. However, direct
                      competition for immobile resources might be negligible in
                      agricultural systems. Interspecies root spacing may also be
                      too large to allow maize to benefit from root exudates of
                      bean or squash. Above-ground competition for light, however,
                      may have strong feedbacks on root foraging for immobile
                      nutrients, which may increase cereal growth more than it
                      will decrease the growth of the other crops. We note that
                      the order of domestication of crops correlates with
                      increasing nutrient efficiency, rather than production
                      potential.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Plant Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22523423},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC3394648},
      UT           = {WOS:000306407800028},
      doi          = {10.1093/aob/mcs082},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/20783},
}