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000020790 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNieratschker, V.$$b0
000020790 245__ $$aEpigenetic alteration of the dopamine transporter gene in alcohol-dependent patients is associated with age
000020790 260__ $$aHoboken, NJ [u.a.]$$bWiley-Blackwell$$c2014
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000020790 440_0 $$025208$$aAddiction Biology$$v00$$y00
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000020790 520__ $$aChronic alcohol abuse and dependence are associated with dysfunctional dopaminergic neurotransmission in mesocorticolimbic circuits. Genetic and environmental factors have been shown to modulate susceptibility to alcohol dependence, and both may act through epigenetic mechanisms that can modulate gene expression, e.g. DNA methylation at CpG sites. Recent studies have suggested that DNA methylation patterns may change over time. However, few data are available concerning the rate of these changes in specific genes. A recent study found that hypermethylation of the promoter of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene was positively correlated with alcohol dependence and negatively correlated with alcohol craving. The aim of the present study was to replicate these findings in a larger sample of alcohol-dependent patients and population-based controls matched for age and sex. No difference in methylation level was observed between patients and controls, and no difference in methylation level was observed before and after alcohol withdrawal in patients. However, patients with more severe craving showed a trend towards lower DAT methylation levels (P = 0.07), which is consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, in our overall sample, DAT methylation levels increased with age. Interestingly, a separate analysis of patients suggested that this finding was mainly driven by the patient group. Although the present data do not clarify whether chronic alcohol abuse is responsible for this phenomenon or merely enhances an ageing-specific process, our findings suggest that hypermethylation in alcohol-dependent patients is a consequence, rather than a cause, of the disorder.
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000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGrosshans, M.$$b1
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFrank, J.$$b2
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStrohmaier, J.$$b3
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$avon der Goltz, C.$$b4
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEl-Maarri, O.$$b5
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWitt, S.H.$$b6
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB92668$$aCichon, S.$$b7$$uFZJ
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNöthen, M.M.$$b8
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKiefer, F.$$b9
000020790 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRietschel, M.$$b10
000020790 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1495537-4$$a10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00459.x$$n2$$p305–311$$tAddiction biology$$v19$$x1355-6215$$y2014
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000020790 9141_ $$aArticle first published online: 16 APR 2012$$y2012
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