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000021146 084__ $$2WoS$$aChemistry, Physical
000021146 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCarvalho, T.$$b0
000021146 245__ $$aUnderstanding the Ion Jelly Conductivity Mechanism
000021146 260__ $$aWashington, DC$$bSoc.$$c2012
000021146 300__ $$a2664 - 2676
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000021146 440_0 $$03694$$aJournal of Physical Chemistry B$$v116$$x1520-6106$$y9
000021146 500__ $$aWe thank the financial support to the Fundacaopara a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) through projects PTDC/CTM/100244/2008 and PTDC/QUI-QUI/098892/2008. T.C. and V. A., respectively, acknowledge the Ph.D. grants SFRH/BD/47088/2008 and SFRH/BD/42322/2007; P.V. acknowledges the postdoc grant SFRH/BPD/41546/2007. The NMR spectrometers are part of the National NMR Network (RNRMN) and are funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia.
000021146 520__ $$aThe properties of the light flexible device, ion jelly, which combines gelatin with an ionic liquid (IL) were recently reported being promising to develop safe and highly conductive electrolytes. This article aims for the understanding of the ion jelly conductive mechanism using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) in the frequency range 10(-1)-10(6) Hz; the study was complemented with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) spectroscopy. The room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimmidazolium dicyanamide (BMIMDCA) used as received (1.9% w/w water content) and with 6.6% (w/w) of water content and two ion jellies with two different ratios BMIMDCA/gelatin/water % (w/w), IJ1 (41.1/46.7/12.2) and IJ3 (67.8/25.6/6.6), have been characterized. A glass transition was detected by DSC for all materials allowing for classifying them as glass formers. For the ionic liquid, it was observed that the glass transition temperature decreases with the increase of water content. While in subsequent calorimetric runs crystallization was observed for BMIMDCA with negligible water content, no crystallization was detected for any of the ion jelly materials upon themal cycling. To the dielectric spectra of all tested materials, both dipolar relaxation and conductivity contribute; at the lowest frequencies, electrode and interfacial polarization highly dominate. Conductivity, which manifests much more intensity relative to dipolar reorientations, strongly evidences subdiffusive ion dynamics at high frequencies. From dielectric measures, transport properties as mobility and diffusion coefficients were extracted. Data treatment was carried out in order to deconvolute the average diffusion coefficients estimated from dielectric data in its individual contributions of cations (D(+)) and anions (D(-)). The D(+) values thus obtained for IJ3, the ion jelly with the highest IL/gelatin ratio, cover a large temperature range up to room temperature and revealed excellent agreement with direct measurements from PFG NMR, obeying to the same VFT equation. For BMIMDCA(6.6%water), which has the same water amount as IJ3, the diffusion coefficients were only estimated from DRS measurements over a limited temperature range; however, a single VFT equation describes both DRS and PFG NMR data. Moreover, it was found that the diffusion coefficients and mobility are similar for the ionic liquid and IJ3, which points to a role of both water and gelatin weakening the contact ion pair, facilitating the translational motion of ions and promoting its dissociation; nevertheless, it is conceivable the existence of a critical composition of gelatin that leads to those properties. The VFT temperature dependence observed for the conductivity was found to be determined by a similar dependence of the mobility. Both conductivity and segmental motion revealed to be correlated as inferred by the relatively low values of the decoupling indexes. The obtained results show that ion jelly could be in fact a very promising material to design novel electrolytes for different electrochemical devices, having a performance close to the IL but presenting an additional stability regarding electrical measurements and resistance against crystallization relative to the bulk ionic liquid.
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000021146 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCalorimetry, Differential Scanning
000021146 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aElectric Conductivity
000021146 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aIons
000021146 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
000021146 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aIons
000021146 650_7 $$2WoSType$$aJ
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAugusto, T.$$b1
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB100967$$aBras, A.R.$$b2$$uFZJ
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLourenco, N.M.T.$$b3
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAfonso, C.A.M.$$b4
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBarreiros, S.$$b5
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCorreia, N.T.$$b6
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aVidinha, P.$$b7
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCabrita, E.J.$$b8
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDias, C.J.$$b9
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDionisio, M.$$b10
000021146 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRoling, B.$$b11
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000021146 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp2108768
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