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@ARTICLE{Pfab:21322,
      author       = {Pfab, H. and Palmer, I. and Buegger, F. and Fiedler, S. and
                      Müller, T. and Ruser, R.},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of a nitrification inhibitor and of placed
                      {N}-fertilization on {N}2{O} fluxes from a vegetable cropped
                      loamy soil},
      journal      = {Agriculture, ecosystems $\&$ environment},
      volume       = {150},
      issn         = {0167-8809},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-21322},
      pages        = {91 - 101},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {This study was financed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung
                      Umwelt (AZ 25420). We further want to thank for their
                      invaluable help: Hans Bucher, Heidi Zimmermann, Hinrich
                      Bremer and Maria Ruckwied, for assistance in the lab, the
                      University's Academic workshop for technical assistance, Dr.
                      Rudolf Schulz, Tobias Hartmann, our student assistants and
                      the crew of the experimental farm "Heidfeldhof".},
      abstract     = {Arable soils are a major source of the climate relevant
                      trace gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Although N2O emissions from
                      soils increase with the amount of N-fertilizer, there is
                      still a lack of data for intensively fertilized systems,
                      such as vegetable production. We investigated the effect of
                      an ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN) fertilization either
                      placed or broadcast applied combined with a nitrification
                      inhibitor (3,4-dimethylepyrazole phosphate (DMPP)) on soil
                      surface N2O fluxes as compared to conventional broadcast ASN
                      fertilization in a lettuce-cauliflower rotation over two
                      years of measurement. Except for a lower cauliflower yield
                      in the second experimental year with placed fertilization,
                      no differences in yields between the fertilized treatments
                      were observed. Annual cumulative N2O emissions of the
                      conventionally fertilized treatment were 8.8 and 4.7 kg
                      N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1) for the first and second experimental
                      year, respectively, indicating a high inter-annual
                      variability.The addition of the nitrification inhibitor
                      significantly reduced N2O emissions during the cropping
                      season and also during the winter period, resulting in an
                      annual reduction of 45 and $40\%$ as compared to the
                      conventionally fertilized (CONV) treatment. The reason for
                      the lower N2O release in the DMPP treatment as compared to
                      the conventionally fertilized treatment remained unclear.
                      Since we did not find any significant differences in the
                      mineral N pools during periods with distinctive inhibition,
                      this can be ruled out as reason for the lower N2O release in
                      the DMPP treatment. We found lower soil respiration in the
                      DMPP treatment during several months starting about six
                      weeks after fertilizer application.In contrast to the
                      treatment with nitrification inhibitor, the placed
                      fertilization as an N-depot (fertilizer bands inserted into
                      the soil) did not reduce annual N2O emissions, although the
                      ratio of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) in the first
                      weeks after N-application indicate inhibition of
                      nitrification in the fertilizer depot. We assume that, even
                      though NH4+ concentrations in the depots were high, toxicity
                      was not sufficient for a complete inhibition of microbial
                      activity in the surrounding of the depots, resulting in
                      considerable N2O production. The emission factors calculated
                      for CONV treatment were 1.6 and $0.8\%$ for the first and
                      second experimental year, respectively. For the treatment
                      with nitrification inhibitor (NI), they were only 0.9 and
                      $0.5\%;$ for the treatment with placed fertilization as an
                      N-depot (DEPOT) 2.0 and $0.8\%.$ They were thus within the
                      range proposed by the guidelines of the IPCC (2006).However,
                      although the N-input related N2O emission factors were
                      within the range proposed by the guidelines of the IPCC, the
                      absolute N2O emissions from the intensively fertilized
                      vegetable field were high. For effective, but
                      environmentally sound vegetable production, a deeper
                      understanding of nitrification inhibitory strategies is
                      necessary. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {330},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Agriculture, Multidisciplinary / Ecology / Environmental
                      Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000302106900010},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.agee.2012.01.001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/21322},
}