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@ARTICLE{Meles:21747,
      author       = {Meles, G.A. and Greenhalgh, S.A. and Green, A.G. and
                      Maurer, H. and van der Kruk, J.},
      title        = {{GPR} {F}ull {W}aveform {S}ensitivity and {R}esolution
                      {A}nalysis using an {FDTD} {A}djoint {M}ethod},
      journal      = {IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing},
      volume       = {50},
      issn         = {0196-2892},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-21747},
      pages        = {1881 - 1896},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {This work was supported in part by the Swiss Federal
                      Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich and in part by a grant
                      from the Swiss National Science Foundation.},
      abstract     = {Radar tomography is a useful technique for mapping the
                      permittivity and conductivity distributions in the shallow
                      subsurface. By exploiting the full radar waveforms, it is
                      possible to improve resolution and, thus, image
                      subwavelength features not resolvable using ray-based
                      approaches. Usually, mere convergence in the data space is
                      the only criterion used to appraise the goodness of a final
                      result, possibly limiting the reliability of the inversion.
                      A better indication of the correctness of an inverted model
                      and its various parts could be obtained by means of a formal
                      model resolution and information content analysis. We
                      present a novel method for computing the sensitivity
                      functions (Jacobian matrix) based on a time-domain adjoint
                      method. Because the new scheme only computes the sensitivity
                      values for the transmitter and receiver combinations that
                      are used, it reduces the number of forward runs with respect
                      to standard brute-force or other virtual-source schemes. The
                      procedure has been implemented by using a standard
                      finite-difference time-domain modeling method. A comparison
                      between cumulative sensitivity (column sum of absolute
                      values of the Jacobian) images, which is sometimes used in
                      geoelectrical studies as a proxy for resolution in practical
                      cases, and formal model resolution images is also presented.
                      We show that the cumulative sensitivity supplies some
                      valuable information about the image, but when possible,
                      formal resolution analyses should be performed. The
                      eigenvalue spectrum of the pseudoHessian matrix provides a
                      measure of the information content of an experiment and
                      shows the extent of the unresolved model space.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Geochemistry $\&$ Geophysics / Engineering, Electrical $\&$
                      Electronic / Remote Sensing},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000303205400014},
      doi          = {10.1109/TGRS.2011.2170078},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/21747},
}