% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Florin:22043,
      author       = {Florin, E. and Himmel, M. and Reck, C. and Maarouf, M. and
                      Schnitzler, A. and Sturm, V. and Fink, G.R. and Timmermann,
                      L.},
      title        = {{S}ubtype-specific statistical causalities in parkinsonian
                      tremor},
      journal      = {Neuroscience},
      volume       = {210},
      issn         = {0306-4522},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-22043},
      pages        = {353 - 362},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {Lars Timmermann is supported by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 219; TI 319/2-1), the German
                      Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF), the medical
                      faculty of the University of Cologne "Fortune-Program", the
                      "Manfred and Ursula Muller Foundation" (Ti 159/2006), the
                      "Kluh-Foundation", and "Hoffnungsbaum e.V." Gereon R. Fink
                      gratefully acknowledges additional support from the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 219; SCHU, 1439/3-1). Esther
                      Florin thanks Johannes Pfeifer for his critical review of
                      the manuscript and his support with the statistical
                      analysis. Alfons Schnitzler acknowledges support from the
                      Volkswagen Stiftung (I/80191).},
      abstract     = {Tremor is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's
                      disease. Up to now, however, its pathophysiology remains
                      poorly understood. Previously, oscillatory coupling at
                      tremor frequency between the subthalamic nucleus und
                      affected muscles was shown. In these studies, however,
                      causality of coupling could not be demonstrated. Thus, we
                      analyzed the statistical causality between intraoperatively
                      recorded local field potentials in the subthalamic area and
                      affected arm muscles during tremor episodes, using squared
                      partial directed coherence, a recently developed causality
                      measure. The analysis identified differential statistical
                      causality patterns for Parkinson's disease patients of the
                      akinetic-rigid subtype during tremor episodes (n=6) versus
                      patients of the tremor-dominant subtype (n=8): for the
                      akinetic-rigid Parkinson's disease patients significantly
                      more cases of the subthalamic region were found to be
                      statistically causal for electromyographic-tremor activity,
                      a result in accordance with the standard basal ganglia
                      model. In contrast, for the tremor-dominant patients,
                      significantly more instances of electromyographic tremor
                      activity turned out to be causal for activity of the
                      subthalamic region. Furthermore, the clinical effective
                      stimulation site coincided with the location of most input
                      causalities from the periphery in seven out of eight
                      tremor-dominant patients. The data suggest that, although
                      tremor activity in tremor-dominant and akinetic-rigid
                      Parkinson's disease patients was clinically similar,
                      statistical causality between tremor electromyogram (EMG)
                      and the subthalamic nucleus was fundamentally different.
                      Therefore, we hypothesize different pathophysiological
                      mechanisms to underlie the generation of tremor in the two
                      subtypes of Parkinson's disease.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Deep Brain Stimulation / Electromyography / Female /
                      Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Muscle, Skeletal:
                      physiopathology / Parkinsonian Disorders: complications /
                      Parkinsonian Disorders: physiopathology / Subthalamic
                      Nucleus: physiopathology / Tremor: etiology / Tremor:
                      physiopathology / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems (FUEK409) /
                      89572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      shelfmark    = {Neurosciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22430064},
      UT           = {WOS:000304730000033},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.045},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/22043},
}