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@ARTICLE{Fiore:22168,
      author       = {Fiore, A. and Dall'Osto, L. and Cazzaniga, S. and Diretto,
                      G. and Giuliano, G. and Bassi, R.},
      title        = {{A} quadruple mutant of {A}rabidopsis reveals a novel
                      activity for {LUT}1/{CYP}97{C}1 in carotene hydroxylation
                      and a regulatory role of xanthophylls on determination of
                      the {PSI}/{PSII} ratio},
      journal      = {BMC plant biology},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1471-2229},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-22168},
      pages        = {50},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {Work supported by the Italian ministry of Research, special
                      fund for basic research (PRIN 2008XB774B), and by the
                      European Commission, Metapro project.},
      abstract     = {Xanthophylls are oxygenated carotenoids playing an
                      essential role as structural components of the
                      photosynthetic apparatus. Xanthophylls contribute to the
                      assembly and stability of light-harvesting complex, to light
                      absorbance and to photoprotection. The first step in
                      xanthophyll biosynthesis from α- and β-carotene is the
                      hydroxylation of ε- and β-rings, performed by both
                      non-heme iron oxygenases (CHY1, CHY2) and P450 cytochromes
                      (LUT1/CYP97C1, LUT5/CYP97A3). The Arabidopsis triple
                      chy1chy2lut5 mutant is almost completely depleted in
                      β-xanthophylls.Here we report on the quadruple
                      chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant, additionally carrying the lut2
                      mutation (affecting lycopene ε-cyclase). This genotype
                      lacks lutein and yet it shows a compensatory increase in
                      β-xanthophylls with respect to chy1chy2lut5 mutant. Mutant
                      plants show an even stronger photosensitivity than
                      chy1chy2lut5, a complete lack of qE, the rapidly reversible
                      component of non-photochemical quenching, and a peculiar
                      organization of the pigment binding complexes into
                      thylakoids. Biochemical analysis reveals that the
                      chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant is depleted in Lhcb subunits and is
                      specifically affected in Photosystem I function, showing a
                      deficiency in PSI-LHCI supercomplexes. Moreover, by
                      analyzing a series of single, double, triple and quadruple
                      Arabidopsis mutants in xanthophyll biosynthesis, we show a
                      hitherto undescribed correlation between xanthophyll levels
                      and the PSI-PSII ratio. The decrease in the
                      xanthophyll/carotenoid ratio causes a proportional decrease
                      in the LHCII and PSI core levels with respect to PSII.The
                      physiological and biochemical phenotype of the
                      chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant shows that (i) LUT1/CYP97C1 protein
                      reveals a major β-carotene hydroxylase activity in vivo
                      when depleted in its preferred substrate α-carotene; (ii)
                      xanthophylls are needed for normal level of Photosystem I
                      and LHCII accumulation.},
      keywords     = {Arabidopsis: genetics / Arabidopsis: metabolism /
                      Arabidopsis Proteins: genetics / Arabidopsis Proteins:
                      metabolism / Mutation / Photosystem I Protein Complex:
                      metabolism / Photosystem II Protein Complex: metabolism /
                      Xanthophylls: metabolism / beta Carotene: metabolism /
                      Arabidopsis Proteins (NLM Chemicals) / Photosystem I Protein
                      Complex (NLM Chemicals) / Photosystem II Protein Complex
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Xanthophylls (NLM Chemicals) / beta
                      Carotene (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Plant Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22513258},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC3349566},
      UT           = {WOS:000304009900001},
      doi          = {10.1186/1471-2229-12-50},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/22168},
}