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@ARTICLE{Tilmes:22389,
      author       = {Tilmes, S. and Lamarque, J.-F. and Emmons, L.K. and Conley,
                      A. and Schultz, M.G. and Saunois, M. and Thouret, V. and
                      Thompson, A.M. and Oltmans, S.J. and Johnson, B. and
                      Tarasick, D.},
      title        = {{T}echnical {N}ote: {O}zonesonde {C}limatology between 1995
                      and 2011: description, evaluation and applications},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-22389},
      pages        = {7475 - 7497},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {We gratefully acknowledge the effort of the The World Ozone
                      and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) and NOAA Earth
                      system Research Laboratory (ESRL) for providing a collection
                      of high quality ozone soundings. Further, we acknowledge the
                      World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG), the Clean
                      Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) and EMEP network for
                      providing a collection of hourly surface observations. We
                      further acknowledge the strong support of the European
                      Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian,
                      Air France) who carry free of charge the MOZAIC equipment
                      and perform the maintenance since 5 1994. MOZAIC is
                      presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and
                      Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC data
                      based is supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). The HTAP
                      and CCMVal2 modeling teams are acknowledged for sharing
                      their results and Forschungszentrum Julich and British
                      Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) receive credit for hosting
                      the HTAP and CCMVal2 data bases, respectively. We also thank
                      Jennifer Wei for the helpful discussion on the use of
                      correction factors. Andrew Conley was funded by the
                      Department of Energy under the SciDAC program. The National
                      Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the National
                      Science Foundation. Finally, we thank all reviewers of this
                      paper and Jennifer Logan for helpful comments and
                      suggestions that helped to significantly improve the paper.},
      abstract     = {An ozone climatology based on ozonesonde measurements taken
                      over the last 17 yr has been constructed for model
                      evaluation and comparisons to other observations. Vertical
                      ozone profiles for 42 stations around the globe have been
                      compiled for the period 1995-2011, in pressure and
                      tropopause-referenced altitudes. For each profile, the mean,
                      standard deviation, median, the half-width are provided, as
                      well as information about interannual variability. Regional
                      aggregates are formed in combining stations with similar
                      ozone characteristics. The Hellinger distance is introduced
                      as a new diagnostic to identify stations that describe
                      similar shapes of ozone probability distribution functions
                      (PDFs). In this way, 12 regions were selected covering at
                      least 2 stations and the variability among those stations is
                      discussed. Significant variability with longitude of ozone
                      distributions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere in
                      the northern mid- and high latitudes is found. The
                      representativeness of regional aggregates is discussed for
                      high northern latitudes, Western Europe, Eastern US, and
                      Japan, using independent observations from surface stations
                      and MOZAIC aircraft data. Good agreement exists between
                      ozonesondes and aircraft observations in the mid-
                      troposphere and between ozonesondes and surface observations
                      for Western Europe. For Eastern US and high northern
                      latitudes, surface ozone values from ozonesondes are biased
                      10 ppb high compared to independent measurements. An
                      application of the climatology is presented using the NCAR
                      CAM-Chem model. The climatology allows evaluation of the
                      model performance regarding ozone averages, seasonality,
                      interannual variability, and the shape of ozone
                      distributions. The new assessment of the key features of
                      ozone distributions gives deeper insights into the
                      performance of models.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000308287700015},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-12-7475-2012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/22389},
}