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@ARTICLE{Schmidt:22446,
      author       = {Schmidt, M. and Reichenau, T. and Fiener, P. and Schneider,
                      K.},
      title        = {{T}he carbon budget of a winter wheat field: {A}n eddy
                      covariance analysis of seasonal and inter-annual
                      variability},
      journal      = {Agricultural and forest meteorology},
      volume       = {165},
      issn         = {0168-1923},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-22446},
      pages        = {114 - 126},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the project
                      GLOWA-Danube, funded by the German Federal Ministry of
                      Education and Research (BMBF-No. 56404005) and the SFB/TR 32
                      "Pattern in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring,
                      Modelling, and Data Assimilation" funded by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). We also would like to thank A.
                      Knaps from the Forschungszentrum Julich for the provision of
                      meteorological data. Special thanks go to our students for
                      their assistance during field work, to farm manager F. Moes
                      for granting access to his field, to Regine Spohner for
                      cartography and figure layout, and to Karen Schneider for
                      proofreading.},
      abstract     = {Arable land occupies large areas of global land surface and
                      hence plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon
                      cycle. Therefore agro-ecosystems show a high potential of
                      mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while optimizing
                      agricultural management. Hence, there is a growing interest
                      in analyzing and understanding carbon fluxes from arable
                      land as affected by regional environmental as well as
                      management conditions. The major goal of this study is to
                      use a two year data set of eddy covariance measurements
                      (October 2007 to October 2009) on a winter wheat field
                      located in Western Germany to assess the seasonal and
                      inter-annual variability of carbon fluxes as affected by
                      meteorological variables and land management. During the
                      study period, which was comprised of two full growing
                      seasons, eddy covariance measurements together with
                      measurements of various soil, plant, and meteorological data
                      were performed. Flux partitioning and gap filling methods
                      including uncertainty estimates were applied to derive
                      complete time series of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross
                      primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (R-eco).
                      Despite different management dates and slightly different
                      meteorological conditions, annual NEE resulted in 270 g C
                      m(-2) in both years. Although the period from sowing to
                      harvesting was more than 20 days shorter in the first year,
                      due to the later start of senescence, GPP was higher by 220
                      g C m(-2). In the annual carbon budget this was compensated
                      by a stronger heterotrophic respiration after the harvest of
                      sugar beet grown on the field before the study period.
                      Taking into account the carbon losses due to removal of
                      biomass during harvest, the winter wheat field acts as a
                      carbon source with respective net biome productivities (NBP)
                      of 246 and 201 g C m(-2) a(-1). To complete the carbon
                      balance, releases due to energy consumption associated with
                      crop production are taken into account. However, the
                      relatively large carbon loss was probably, to a large
                      extent, compensated by carbon input from plant residues left
                      on the field after preceding sugar beet harvest. This
                      underlines the importance of multi-annual measurements
                      taking full crop rotations into account. (C) 2012 Elsevier
                      B.V. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Agronomy / Forestry / Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric
                      Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000309312800012},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/22446},
}