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@ARTICLE{Peevey:22499,
      author       = {Peevey, T.R. and Gille, J.C. and Randall, C.E. and Kunz,
                      A.},
      title        = {{I}nvestigation of double tropopause spatial and temporal
                      global variability utilizing {H}igh {R}esolution {D}ynamics
                      {L}imb {S}ounder temperature observations},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {117},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-22499},
      pages        = {14},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {The work discussed in this paper is funded by NASA's AURA
                      satellite program under contract NAS5-97046. The authors
                      would like to thank the HIRDLS Team for access to the data
                      and their support of this work. Special thanks go to Bill
                      Randel and Laura Pan for valuable discussions on the
                      complexities of the extratropical UTLS.},
      abstract     = {This study examines the seasonal variation of the double
                      tropopause (DT) using data from the High Resolution Dynamics
                      Limb Sounder. The combination of high data density and high
                      vertical resolution available with this satellite instrument
                      allows for the detailed analysis of fine-scale structures
                      such as the DT. The spatial distribution of DT frequency is
                      examined for all seasons from 2005 to 2007. Global analysis
                      of this distribution reveals that DTs have a strong tendency
                      to follow the zonal wind pattern and are present all year
                      over the Andes. Moreover, during Northern Hemisphere
                      winter/spring, there is a $15\%$ decrease in the DT
                      frequency over the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic, two
                      regions of wave breaking produced from a weakening of the
                      zonal flow. Significant DT thickness values are also present
                      over these regions, but are found to extend further poleward
                      than the corresponding frequency pattern. A time series of
                      DT frequencies is analyzed and shows an increase in daily
                      frequencies during 2006 that highlights the interannual
                      variability of this thermal structure. For the first time,
                      DT duration is investigated in the extratropics utilizing a
                      Hovmoller diagram of DT frequency. This representation
                      highlights two preferred regions of formation, the Pacific
                      and Atlantic. The slope of the feature gives it a speed of
                      18 m/s in the Northern Hemisphere and a slightly faster
                      speed for the Southern Hemisphere. These speeds and the
                      corresponding structures highlight a potential connection
                      between upper tropospheric waves and DTs.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000299181000002},
      doi          = {10.1029/2011JD016443},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/22499},
}