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000022987 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFinessi, E.$$b0
000022987 245__ $$aDetermination of the biogenic secondary organic aerosol fraction in the boreal forest by NMR spectroscopy
000022987 260__ $$aKatlenburg-Lindau$$bEGU$$c2012
000022987 300__ $$a941 - 959
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000022987 440_0 $$09601$$aAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics$$v12$$x1680-7316$$y2
000022987 500__ $$3POF3_Assignment on 2016-02-29
000022987 500__ $$aMain part of the work in this paper has been funded with FP6 project EUCAARI (Contract 34684) and by ACCENT (Atmospheric Composition Change the European Network of Excellence). This research has received also funding from the Finnish Cultural Foundation and the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project no. 1118615). FMI and University of Helsinki are gratefully acknowledged for the research support at the Hyytiala station.
000022987 520__ $$aThe study investigates the sources of fine organic aerosol (OA) in the boreal forest, based on measurements including both filter sampling (PM1) and online methods and carried out during a one-month campaign held in Hyytiala, Finland, in spring 2007. Two aerosol mass spectrometers (Q-AMS, ToF-AMS) were employed to measure on-line concentrations of major non-refractory aerosol species, while the water extracts of the filter samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for organic functional group characterization of the polar organic fraction of the aerosol. AMS and NMR spectra were processed separately by non-negative factorization algorithms, in order to apportion the main components underlying the submicrometer organic aerosol composition and depict them in terms of both mass fragmentation patterns and functional group compositions.The NMR results supported the AMS speciation of oxidized organic aerosol (OOA) into two main fractions, which could be generally labelled as more and less oxidized organics. The more oxidized component was characterized by a mass spectrum dominated by the m/z 44 peak, and in parallel by a NMR spectrum showing aromatic and aliphatic backbones highly substituted with oxygenated functional groups (carbonyls/carboxyls and hydroxyls). Such component, contributing on average 50% of the OA mass throughout the observing period, was associated with pollution outbreaks from the Central Europe. The less oxidized component was enhanced in concomitance with air masses originating from the North-to-West sector, in agreement with previous investigations conducted at this site. NMR factor analysis was able to separate two distinct components under the less oxidized fraction of OA. One of these NMR-factors was associated with the formation of terrestrial biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA), based on the comparison with spectral profiles obtained from laboratory experiments of terpenes photo-oxidation. The second NMR factor associated with western air masses was linked to biogenic marine sources, and was enriched in low-molecular weight aliphatic amines. Such findings provide evidence of at least two independent sources originating biogenic organic aerosols in Hyytiala by oxidation and condensation mechanisms: reactive terpenes emitted by the boreal forest and compounds of marine origin, with the latter relatively more important when predominantly polar air masses reach the site.This study is an example of how spectroscopic techniques, such as proton NMR, can add functional group specificity for certain chemical features (like aromatics) of OA with respect to AMS. They can therefore be profitably exploited to complement aerosol mass spectrometric measurements in organic source apportionment studies.
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000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDecesari, S.$$b1
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPaglione, M.$$b2
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGiulianelli, L.$$b3
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCarbone, C.$$b4
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGilardoni, S.$$b5
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFuzzi, S.$$b6
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSaarikoski, S.$$b7
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRaatikainen, T.$$b8
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHillamo, R.$$b9
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAllan, J.$$b10
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)16346$$aMentel, Th.F.$$b11$$uFZJ
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTiitta, P.$$b12
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLaaksonen, A.$$b13
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPetäjä, T.$$b14
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKulmala, M.$$b15
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWorsnop, D.R.$$b16
000022987 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFacchini, M.C.$$b17
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000022987 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-941-2012
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