% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Finessi:22987,
      author       = {Finessi, E. and Decesari, S. and Paglione, M. and
                      Giulianelli, L. and Carbone, C. and Gilardoni, S. and Fuzzi,
                      S. and Saarikoski, S. and Raatikainen, T. and Hillamo, R.
                      and Allan, J. and Mentel, Th.F. and Tiitta, P. and
                      Laaksonen, A. and Petäjä, T. and Kulmala, M. and Worsnop,
                      D.R. and Facchini, M.C.},
      title        = {{D}etermination of the biogenic secondary organic aerosol
                      fraction in the boreal forest by {NMR} spectroscopy},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-22987},
      pages        = {941 - 959},
      year         = {2012},
      note         = {Main part of the work in this paper has been funded with
                      FP6 project EUCAARI (Contract 34684) and by ACCENT
                      (Atmospheric Composition Change the European Network of
                      Excellence). This research has received also funding from
                      the Finnish Cultural Foundation and the Academy of Finland
                      Centre of Excellence program (project no. 1118615). FMI and
                      University of Helsinki are gratefully acknowledged for the
                      research support at the Hyytiala station.},
      abstract     = {The study investigates the sources of fine organic aerosol
                      (OA) in the boreal forest, based on measurements including
                      both filter sampling (PM1) and online methods and carried
                      out during a one-month campaign held in Hyytiala, Finland,
                      in spring 2007. Two aerosol mass spectrometers (Q-AMS,
                      ToF-AMS) were employed to measure on-line concentrations of
                      major non-refractory aerosol species, while the water
                      extracts of the filter samples were analyzed by nuclear
                      magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for organic functional
                      group characterization of the polar organic fraction of the
                      aerosol. AMS and NMR spectra were processed separately by
                      non-negative factorization algorithms, in order to apportion
                      the main components underlying the submicrometer organic
                      aerosol composition and depict them in terms of both mass
                      fragmentation patterns and functional group compositions.The
                      NMR results supported the AMS speciation of oxidized organic
                      aerosol (OOA) into two main fractions, which could be
                      generally labelled as more and less oxidized organics. The
                      more oxidized component was characterized by a mass spectrum
                      dominated by the m/z 44 peak, and in parallel by a NMR
                      spectrum showing aromatic and aliphatic backbones highly
                      substituted with oxygenated functional groups
                      (carbonyls/carboxyls and hydroxyls). Such component,
                      contributing on average $50\%$ of the OA mass throughout the
                      observing period, was associated with pollution outbreaks
                      from the Central Europe. The less oxidized component was
                      enhanced in concomitance with air masses originating from
                      the North-to-West sector, in agreement with previous
                      investigations conducted at this site. NMR factor analysis
                      was able to separate two distinct components under the less
                      oxidized fraction of OA. One of these NMR-factors was
                      associated with the formation of terrestrial biogenic
                      secondary organic aerosol (BSOA), based on the comparison
                      with spectral profiles obtained from laboratory experiments
                      of terpenes photo-oxidation. The second NMR factor
                      associated with western air masses was linked to biogenic
                      marine sources, and was enriched in low-molecular weight
                      aliphatic amines. Such findings provide evidence of at least
                      two independent sources originating biogenic organic
                      aerosols in Hyytiala by oxidation and condensation
                      mechanisms: reactive terpenes emitted by the boreal forest
                      and compounds of marine origin, with the latter relatively
                      more important when predominantly polar air masses reach the
                      site.This study is an example of how spectroscopic
                      techniques, such as proton NMR, can add functional group
                      specificity for certain chemical features (like aromatics)
                      of OA with respect to AMS. They can therefore be profitably
                      exploited to complement aerosol mass spectrometric
                      measurements in organic source apportionment studies.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000300321500022},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-12-941-2012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/22987},
}