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@ARTICLE{KooLee:23904,
      author       = {Koo Lee, S. A. and Führ, F. and Wook Kwon, J. and Chang
                      Ahn, K.},
      title        = {{L}ong-term fate of the herbicide cinosulfuron in
                      lysimeters planted with rice over four consecutive years},
      journal      = {Chemosphere},
      volume       = {49},
      issn         = {0045-6535},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-23904},
      pages        = {173 - 181},
      year         = {2002},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {in order to elucidate the long-term fate of the
                      sulfonylurea herbicide cinosulfuron, the C-14-labelled
                      chemical was applied to a clay loam soil, encased in two
                      lysimeters, 22 days after rice (Oryza sativa L.)
                      transplanting, and rice plants were grown for four
                      consecutive years. Throughout the experimental period,
                      leaching through soil profiles, absorption and translocation
                      by rice plants, and distribution of C-14 by downward
                      movement in the soil layers were clarified. The total volume
                      of leachates collected through the lysimeter soil over the
                      four years amounted to 168 and 146 L in lysimeters I and 11,
                      respectively. The leachates contained $2.43\%$ and $2.99\%$
                      of the originally applied C-14-radioactivity, corresponding
                      to an average concentration of 0.29 and 0.41 mug/L as the
                      cinosulfuron equivalent in lysimeters I and II,
                      respectively. The total C-14-radioactivity translocated to
                      rice plants in the third and fourth year was $0.69\%$ and
                      $0.60\%$ (lysimeter 1), and $1.02\%$ and $0.84\%$ (lysimeter
                      11) of the C-14 applied, respectively. Larger amounts of
                      cinosulfuron equivalents $(0.54-0.75\%)$ remained in the
                      straw in the fourth year than in any other parts. The
                      C-14-radioactivities distributed down to a depth of 70 cm
                      after four years were $56.71-57.52\%$ of the C-14 applied,
                      indicating the continuous downward movement and degradation
                      of cinosulfuron in soil. The non-extractable residues were
                      more than $88\%$ of the soil radioactivity and some
                      $45-48\%$ of them was incorporated into the humin fraction.
                      The C-14-radioactivity partitioned into the aqueous phase
                      was nearly $30\%$ of the extractable 14C, suggesting
                      strongly that cinosulfuron was degraded into some polar
                      products during the experimental period. It was found out in
                      a supplemental investigation that flooding and constant
                      higher temperature enhanced mineralization of
                      [C-14]cinosulfuron to (CO2)-C-14 in soil, indicating the
                      possibility of chemical hydrolysis and microbial degradation
                      of the compound in the flooded lysimeter soil. (C) 2002
                      Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000178062800008},
      doi          = {10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00191-1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/23904},
}