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@ARTICLE{Voigt:2549,
      author       = {Voigt, C. and Schlager, H. and Roiger, A. and Stenke, A.
                      and de Reus, M and Borrmann, S. and Jensen, E. and Schiller,
                      C. and Konopka, P. and Sitnikov, N.},
      title        = {{D}etection of reactive nitrogen containing particles in
                      the tropopause region? {E}vidence for a tropical nitric acid
                      trihydrage ({NAT}) belt},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-2549},
      pages        = {7421 - 7430},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {The M55-Geophysica AMMA-SCOUT campaign in West Africa was
                      funded by the Geophysica EEIG, French CNRS-INSU/CNES and
                      European Community sixth framework integrated projects
                      SCOUT-O3 (505390-GOCE-CT-2004) and AMMA-EU. Based on a
                      French initiative, AMMA was built by an international
                      scientific group and is currently funded by a large number
                      of agencies, especially from France, UK, US and Africa. It
                      has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution
                      from the European Community's Sixth Framework Research
                      Programme. CV performed part of the work within the Junior
                      Research Group AEROTROP and MdR acknowledges the support
                      through the SFB641:TROPICE. We thank B. Luo, B. K archer, D.
                      Fahey and T. Peter for fruitfull discussions. The Geophyisca
                      crew is acknowledged for excellent flight operation and K.
                      Law and F. Cairo for the coordination of the Geophysica
                      campaign. The global model simulations have been performed
                      on the NEC SX-6 high performance computer of the German
                      Computing Centre (DKRZ). ECMWF data were provided by the
                      European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts.},
      abstract     = {The detection of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT, HNO3 x
                      3H(2)O) particles in the tropical transition layer (TTL)
                      harmonizes our understanding of polar stratospheric cloud
                      formation. Large reactive nitrogen (NOy) containing
                      particles were observed on 8 August 2006 by instruments
                      on-board the high altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica
                      near and below the tropical tropopause. The particles, most
                      likely NAT, have diameters less than 6 mu m and
                      concentrations below 10(-4) cm(-3). The NAT particle layer
                      was repeatedly detected at altitudes between 15.1 and 17.5
                      km over extended areas of 9.5 to 17.2 degrees N and 1.5
                      degrees W to 2.7 degrees E above the African continent.
                      Satellite observations suggest that the NAT particles could
                      have nucleated on ice fed by convective activity. Once
                      nucleated, the NAT particles can slowly grow within the TTL
                      for days, while being transported over long distances. Their
                      in-situ detection combined with global model simulations of
                      the NAT supersaturation near the tropical tropopause
                      indicate the potential for a tropical tropopause NAT
                      particle belt.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000262411800008},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/2549},
}