000256020 001__ 256020 000256020 005__ 20210129220604.0 000256020 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1167/15.15.10 000256020 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/9448 000256020 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000368252600010 000256020 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:4825777 000256020 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:26575196 000256020 037__ $$aFZJ-2015-06052 000256020 041__ $$aEnglish 000256020 082__ $$a610 000256020 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)156202$$aKreutzer, Sylvia$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000256020 245__ $$aAttention modulates visual size adaptation. 000256020 260__ $$aRockville, Md.$$bARVO$$c2015 000256020 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1447935697_4294 000256020 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000256020 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000256020 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000256020 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000256020 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000256020 520__ $$aThe current study determined in healthy subjects (n = 16) whether size adaptation occurs at early, i.e., preattentive, levels of processing or whether higher cognitive processes such as attention can modulate the illusion. To investigate this issue, bottom-up stimulation was kept constant across conditions by using a single adaptation display containing both small and large adapter stimuli. Subjects' attention was directed to either the large or small adapter stimulus by means of a luminance detection task. When attention was directed toward the small as compared to the large adapter, the perceived size of the subsequent target was significantly increased. Data suggest that different size adaptation effects can be induced by one and the same stimulus depending on the current allocation of attention. This indicates that size adaptation is subject to attentional modulation. These findings are in line with previous research showing that transient as well as sustained attention modulates visual features, such as contrast sensitivity and spatial frequency, and influences adaptation in other contexts, such as motion adaptation (Alais & Blake, 1999; Lankheet & Verstraten, 1995). Based on a recently suggested model (Pooresmaeili, Arrighi, Biagi, & Morrone, 2013), according to which perceptual adaptation is based on local excitation and inhibition in V1, we conclude that guiding attention can boost these local processes in one or the other direction by increasing the weight of the attended adapter. In sum, perceptual adaptation, although reflected in changes of neural activity at early levels (as shown in the aforementioned study), is nevertheless subject to higher-order modulation. 000256020 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572$$a572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)$$cPOF3-572$$fPOF III$$x0 000256020 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)131720$$aFink, G. 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