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@ARTICLE{Heng:256237,
      author       = {Heng, Y. and Hoffmann, Lars and Griessbach, S. and
                      Rößler, T. and Stein, O.},
      title        = {{I}nverse transport modeling of volcanic sulfur dioxide
                      emissions using large-scale ensemble simulations},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development discussions},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1991-962X},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-06206},
      pages        = {9103 - 9146},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {An inverse transport modeling approach based on the
                      concepts of sequential importance resampling and parallel
                      computing is presented to reconstruct altitude-resolved time
                      series of volcanic emissions, which often can not be
                      obtained directly with current measurement techniques. A new
                      inverse modeling and simulation system, which implements the
                      inversion approach with the Lagrangian transport model
                      Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) is
                      developed to provide reliable transport simulations of
                      volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2). In the inverse modeling
                      system MPTRAC is used to perform two types of simulations,
                      i. e., large-scale ensemble simulations for the
                      reconstruction of volcanic emissions and final transport
                      simulations. The transport simulations are based on wind
                      fields of the ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis of the
                      European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts. The
                      reconstruction of altitude-dependent SO2 emission time
                      series is also based on Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
                      satellite observations. A case study for the eruption of the
                      Nabro volcano, Eritrea, in June 2011, with complex emission
                      patterns, is considered for method validation. Meteosat
                      Visible and InfraRed Imager (MVIRI) near-real-time imagery
                      data are used to validate the temporal development of the
                      reconstructed emissions. Furthermore, the altitude
                      distributions of the emission time series are compared with
                      top and bottom altitude measurements of aerosol layers
                      obtained by the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal
                      Polarization (CALIOP) and the Michelson Interferometer for
                      Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) satellite instruments.
                      The final transport simulations provide detailed spatial and
                      temporal information on the SO2 distributions of the Nabro
                      eruption. The SO2 column densities from the simulations are
                      in good qualitative agreement with the AIRS observations.
                      Our new inverse modeling and simulation system is expected
                      to become a useful tool to also study other volcanic
                      eruption events.},
      cin          = {JSC / IEK-8},
      ddc          = {910},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511) / 243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmdd-8-9103-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/256237},
}