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@PHDTHESIS{Forster:256266,
      author       = {Forster, Emanuel Michael Helmut},
      title        = {{T}hermochemische {B}eständigkeit von keramischen
                      {M}embranen und {K}atalysatoren für die
                      {H}$_{2}$-{A}btrennung in {CO}-{S}hift-{R}eaktoren},
      volume       = {284},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-06230},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-084-5},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {X, 137 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2015},
      abstract     = {The Watergas-shift reaction is a process for hydrogen
                      production, which can be applied in IGCC power plants. One
                      goal of current research is to find more energy efficient
                      ways to separate the product gases after the shift and
                      hydrogen permeable membranes appear to be a promising
                      alternative. In cooperation with the IEK-1, several membrane
                      and catalyst materials were tested for their thermochemical
                      stability in gasification-related conditions. In the first
                      part various barium zirkonates and lanthanum tungstate are
                      exposed to gas atmospheres that simulate the gas
                      compositions before and after the watergas-shift reaction.
                      Powder samples were analyzed by powder diffraction and
                      sintered samples by scanning electron microscopy and
                      energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Exposures were
                      performed with and without adding impurities. The observed
                      effects include carbonization for lower temperatures and
                      specifically for the barium zirconates the formation of
                      zirconium rich phases and barium chloride compounds.
                      Additionally, a CO-shift reactor with a planar lanthanum
                      tungstate membrane had been build. In the second part,
                      activity tests have been performed with three iron based
                      catalysts and molybdenum carbide in a temperature range of
                      200 °C – 900 °C. While the iron catalysts reduced to
                      active phases, the molybdenum carbide gradually oxidized. In
                      the next step the iron catalysts were tested in a
                      temperature range of 400 °C – 900 °C while adding the
                      contaminants H$_{2}$S, HCl, KCl and NaCl. The influence of
                      HCl could be observed until 700 °C and up to 600 °C for
                      H$_{2}$S. With KCl and NaCl contaminations however, next to
                      no changes in the CO-conversion were observed. In the last
                      part, tubular silica membranes were tested for stability in
                      water steam, with H$_{2}$S- and HCl-contamination and under
                      temperature cycling. The hydrogen selectivity decreased
                      significantly when the H$_{2}$O-CO-ratio reaches 1. Adding
                      H$_{2}$S or HCl contaminants did not yield a measureable
                      influence. Higher temperatures did negatively influence the
                      selectivity of the membrane.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111) /
                      HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in
                      Energy and Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/256266},
}