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@ARTICLE{Schnberger:256468,
      author       = {Schönberger, A. R. and Hagelweide, K. and Pelzer, E. A.
                      and Fink, Gereon Rudolf and Schubotz, Ricarda I.},
      title        = {{M}otor loop dysfunction causes impaired cognitive
                      sequencing in patients suffering from {P}arkinson's disease},
      journal      = {Neuropsychologia},
      volume       = {77},
      issn         = {0028-3932},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-06373},
      pages        = {409-420},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is often
                      attributed to dopamine deficiency in the prefrontal-basal
                      ganglia–thalamo-cortical loops. Although recent studies
                      point to a close interplay between motor and cognitive
                      abilities in PD, the so-called “motor loop” connecting
                      supplementary motor area (SMA) and putamen has been
                      considered solely with regard to the patients' motor
                      impairment. Our study challenges this view by testing
                      patients with the serial prediction task (SPT), a cognitive
                      task that requires participants to predict stimulus
                      sequences and particularly engages premotor sites of the
                      motor loop. We hypothesised that affection of the motor loop
                      causes impaired SPT performance, especially when the
                      internal sequence representation is challenged by suspension
                      of external stimuli. As shown for motor tasks, we further
                      expected this impairment to be compensated by hyperactivity
                      of the lateral premotor cortex (PM).We tested 16 male PD
                      patients ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and 16 male
                      age-matched healthy controls in an functional Magnetic
                      Resonance Imaging study. All subjects performed two versions
                      of the SPT: one with on-going sequences (SPT0), and one with
                      sequences containing non-informative wildcards (SPT+)
                      increasing the demands on mnemonic sequence representation.
                      Patients ON (compared to controls) revealed an impaired
                      performance coming along with hypoactivity of SMA and
                      putamen. Patients OFF compared to ON medication, while
                      showing poorer performance, exhibited a significantly
                      increased PM activity for SPT+ vs. SPT0. Furthermore,
                      patients' performance positively co-varied with PM activity,
                      corroborating a compensatory account. Our data reveal a
                      contribution of the motor loop to cognitive impairment in
                      PD, and suggest a close interplay of SMA and PM beyond motor
                      control.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000363815500040},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26382750},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.017},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/256468},
}