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@ARTICLE{Meyer:256590,
      author       = {Meyer, J. and Rolf, C. and Schiller, C. and Rohs, S. and
                      Spelten, N. and Afchine, A. and Zöger, M. and Sitnikov, N.
                      and Thornberry, T. D. and Rollins, A. W. and Bozóki, Z. and
                      Tátrai, D. and Ebert, V. and Kühnreich, B. and Mackrodt,
                      P. and Möhler, O. and Saathoff, H. and Rosenlof, K. H. and
                      Krämer, M.},
      title        = {{T}wo decades of water vapor measurements with the {FISH}
                      fluorescence hygrometer: a review},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-06464},
      pages        = {8521 - 8538},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {For almost two decades, the airborne Fast In-situ
                      Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH) has stood for accurate and
                      precise measurements of total water mixing ratios (WMR, gas
                      phase + evaporated ice) in the upper troposphere and lower
                      stratosphere (UT/LS). Here, we present a comprehensive
                      review of the measurement technique (Lyman-α photofragment
                      fluorescence), calibration procedure, accuracy and
                      reliability of FISH. Crucial for FISH measurement quality is
                      the regular calibration to a water vapor reference, namely
                      the commercial frost-point hygrometer DP30. In the frame of
                      this work this frost-point hygrometer is compared to German
                      and British traceable metrological water standards and its
                      accuracy is found to be 2–4 $\%.$ Overall, in the range
                      from 4 to 1000 ppmv, the total accuracy of FISH was found to
                      be 6–8 $\%,$ as stated in previous publications. For lower
                      mixing ratios down to 1 ppmv, the uncertainty reaches a
                      lower limit of 0.3 ppmv. For specific, non-atmospheric
                      conditions, as set in experiments at the AIDA chamber –
                      namely mixing ratios below 10 and above 100 ppmv in
                      combination with high- and low-pressure conditions – the
                      need to apply a modified FISH calibration evaluation has
                      been identified. The new evaluation improves the agreement
                      of FISH with other hygrometers to ± 10 $\%$ accuracy in the
                      respective mixing ratio ranges. Furthermore, a quality check
                      procedure for high total water measurements in cirrus clouds
                      at high pressures (400–500 hPa) is introduced. The
                      performance of FISH in the field is assessed by reviewing
                      intercomparisons of FISH water vapor data with other in situ
                      and remote sensing hygrometers over the last two decades. We
                      find that the agreement of FISH with the other hygrometers
                      has improved over that time span from overall up to ± 30
                      $\%$ or more to about ± 5–20 $\%$ @ < 10 ppmv and to ±
                      0–15 $\%$ @ > 10 ppmv.As presented here, the robust and
                      continuous calibration and operation procedures of the FISH
                      instrument over the last two decades establish the position
                      of FISH as one of the core instruments for in situ
                      observations of water vapor in the UT/LS.},
      cin          = {IEK-7 / IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244) / 243 - Tropospheric trace
                      substances and their transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000358799000042},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/256590},
}