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@ARTICLE{Hoffmann:2685,
      author       = {Hoffmann, L. and Alexander, M.J.},
      title        = {{R}etrieval of {S}tratospheric {T}emperatures from {AIRS}
                      {R}adiance {M}easurements for {G}ravity {W}ave {S}tudies},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {114},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-2685},
      pages        = {D07105},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Support for this work was provided by the NASA program
                      Earth System Science Research using Data and Products from
                      TERRA, AQUA, and ACRIM Satellites, contracts NNH04CC54C and
                      NNH08AH43I, through Program Director Ramesh Kakar. We thank
                      Anu Dudhia, University of Oxford, for providing the
                      Reference Forward Model. We thank Chris Barnet, National
                      Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and L.
                      Larrabee Strow, University of Maryland, Baltimore County,
                      for their assistance.},
      abstract     = {The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board the
                      National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's)
                      Aqua satellite has been continuously measuring mid-infrared
                      nadir and sub-limb radiance spectra since summer of 2002.
                      These measurements are utilized to retrieve
                      three-dimensional stratospheric temperature distributions by
                      applying a new fast forward model for AIRS and an
                      accompanying optimal estimation retrieval processor. The
                      retrieval scheme presented in this article does not require
                      simultaneous observations of microwave instruments like the
                      AIRS operational analyses. Instead, independent retrievals
                      are carried out at the full horizontal sampling capacity of
                      the instrument. Horizontal resolution is enhanced by a
                      factor 3 in along- and across-track directions compared with
                      the AIRS operational data. The total retrieval error of the
                      individual temperature measurements is 1.6 to 3.0 K in the
                      altitude range from 20 to 60 km. Retrieval noise is 1.4 to
                      2.1 K in the same vertical range. Contribution of a priori
                      information to the retrieval results is less than $1\%$ to
                      $2\%$ and the vertical resolution of the observations is
                      about 7 to 15 km. The temperature measurements are
                      successfully compared with ECMWF operational analyses and
                      AIRS operational Level 2 data. The new temperature data set
                      is well suited for studies of stratospheric gravity waves.
                      We present AIRS observations of small-scale gravity waves
                      induced by deep convection near Darwin, Australia, in
                      January 2003. A strong mountain wave event over the Andes in
                      June 2005 is analyzed in detail. Temperature perturbations
                      derived from the new data set are compared with results from
                      the AIRS operational Level 2 data and coincident
                      measurements of the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder
                      (HIRDLS). The new retrieval does not show response to wave
                      perturbations if the vertical wavelength is below 10 km. For
                      15 km vertical wavelength, the amplitudes are damped by a
                      factor of two. For vertical wavelengths of greater than 20
                      km, AIRS shows very similar wave structure to HIRDLS and
                      also has the advantage of providing horizontal phase front
                      information. Data from the new full-resolution retrieval are
                      far more suitable for gravity wave studies than results from
                      the AIRS operational analysis.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000264863100005},
      doi          = {10.1029/2008JD011241},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/2685},
}