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@ARTICLE{Sahm:26936,
      author       = {Sahm, H. and Eggeling, L. and de Graaf, A. A.},
      title        = {{P}athway analysis and metabolic engineering in
                      {C}orynebacterium glutamicum},
      journal      = {Biological chemistry},
      volume       = {381},
      issn         = {1431-6730},
      address      = {Berlin [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {de Gruyter},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-26936},
      pages        = {899 - 910},
      year         = {2000},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum is
                      used for the industrial production of amino acids, e.g. of
                      L-glutamate and L-lysine, During the last 15 years, genetic
                      engineering and amplification of genes have become
                      fascinating methods for studying metabolic pathways in
                      greater detail and for the construction of strains with the
                      desired genotypes. In order to obtain a better understanding
                      of the central metabolism and to quantify the in vivo fluxes
                      in C. glutamicum, the [C-13]-labelling technique was
                      combined with metabolite balancing to achieve a unifying
                      comprehensive pathway analysis. These methods can determine
                      the flux distribution at the branch point between glycolysis
                      and the pentose phosphate pathway. The in vivo fluxes in the
                      oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway calculated
                      on the basis of intracellular metabolite concentrations and
                      the kinetic constants of the purified glucose-6-phosphate
                      and g-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases determined in vitro
                      were in full accordance with the fluxes measured by the
                      [C-13]-labelling technique. These data indicate that the
                      oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in C. glutamicum is
                      mainly regulated by the ratio of NADPH/NADP concentrations
                      and the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate
                      dehydrogenase. The carbon flux via the oxidative pentose
                      phosphate pathway correlated with the NADPH demand for
                      L-lysine synthesis.Although it has generally been accepted
                      that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase fulfills a main
                      anaplerotic function in C. glutamicum, we recently detected
                      that a biotin-dependent pyruvate carboxylase exists as a
                      further anaplerotic enzyme in this bacterium. In addition to
                      the activities of these two carboxylases three enzymes
                      catalysing the decarboxylation of the C-4 metabolites
                      oxaloacetate or malate are also present in this bacterium.
                      The individual flux rates at this complex anaplerotic node
                      were investigated by using [C-13]-labelled substrates. The
                      results indicate that both carboxylation and decarboxylation
                      occur simultaneously in C. glutamicum so that a high cyclic
                      flux of oxaloacetate via phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate was
                      found.Furthermore, we detected that in C. glutamicum two
                      biosynthetic pathways exist for the synthesis of
                      DL-diaminopimetate and L-lysine, As shown by NMR
                      spectroscopy the relative use of both pathways in vivo is
                      dependent on the ammonium concentration in the culture
                      medium. Mutants defective in one pathway are still able to
                      synthesise enough L-lysine for growth, but the L-lysine
                      yields with overproducers were reduced. The luxury of having
                      these two pathways gives C. glutamicum an increased
                      flexibility in response to changing environmental conditions
                      and is also related to the essential need for
                      DL-diaminopimelate as a building block for the synthesis of
                      the murein sacculus.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBT},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB184},
      pnm          = {Entwicklung von Mikroorganismen für die Herstellung von
                      Primärmetaboliten},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK91},
      shelfmark    = {Biochemistry $\&$ Molecular Biology},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000089944100013},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/26936},
}