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@PHDTHESIS{AlHazaimay:276116,
      author       = {Al-Hazaimay, Sadam},
      title        = {{U}sing the anisotropy of electrical properties for the
                      characterization of sedimentological structures and
                      preferential flow processes},
      volume       = {287},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-06593},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-090-6},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {xxii, 94 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {Dissertation, RWTH Aachen, 2015},
      abstract     = {Detailed information about subsurface structures (e.g.
                      layering) and processes (e.g. ow and solute transport) in
                      the vadose zone is important for the characterizationand
                      protection of soil and groundwater. Unfortunately, such
                      informationis not easily accessible due to the complexity of
                      the soil system that exhibitsconsiderable spatial variation
                      in subsurface structure, which introduces signifi-cant
                      uncertainty when attempting to improve system understanding.
                      Because oflayering structures and macropores in the
                      subsurface, signiffcant changes in soilproperties appear in
                      horizontal and vertical directions that introduce
                      anisotropyin soil properties such as the hydraulic
                      conductivity and the electrical resistivity.The premise of
                      this thesis is that anisotropy in electrical resistivity can
                      be usedto extract meaningful information about other soil
                      characteristics and properties.In particular, we investigate
                      whether the anisotropy in electrical properties canbe used
                      to obtain information about the heterogeneity of sediment
                      structures andmacropore preferential ow processes using
                      non-invasive geophysical techniquesbecause such information
                      is hard to obtain in feld applications using
                      classicaldestructive methods. Synthetic modelling has shown
                      that information on soil heterogeneity can be obtainedfrom
                      the anisotropy in electrical resistivity. In particular, it
                      was shown thatthe correlation length ratio of bimodal facies
                      distribution of two isotropic materialswith different
                      complex resistivity can be inversely estimated from the
                      effectivecomplex electrical resistivity in two directions
                      (i.e. the anisotropy). In this thesis,this result from a
                      synthetic modelling study was experimentally validated
                      usingcomplex electrical resistivity measurements on a
                      measurement cell with two bimodalsediment distributions that
                      differ in the fraction and spatial arrangementof each
                      material. The effective complex electrical resistivity in
                      the mHz to kHz frequency range of these two sediment
                      distributions was determined using a novelanalysis approach.
                      To estimate the correlation length ratio, we used a global
                      optimization method that minimized the difference between
                      measured and modelled effective electrical resistivity.
                      Effective complex electrical resistivity measurementsof
                      heterogeneous distributions showed a good agreement with the
                      results obtained in the synthetic study for the same
                      distributions, although measurement results were very
                      sensitive to the sample thickness that was difficult to
                      control. It wasconcluded that the electrical anisotropy in
                      resistivity can indeed be used to obtain information about
                      the heterogeneity in sediments with a very high accuracy in
                      correlation length ratio, volume fraction, and the
                      electrical parameters of the Cole-Cole model.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2016022900},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/276116},
}