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000276178 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMisztal, P. K.$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000276178 245__ $$aAtmospheric benzenoid emissions from plants rival those from fossil fuels
000276178 260__ $$aLondon$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2015
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000276178 520__ $$aDespite the known biochemical production of a range of aromatic compounds by plants and the presence of benzenoids in floral scents, the emissions of only a few benzenoid compounds have been reported from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Here, using evidence from measurements at aircraft, ecosystem, tree, branch and leaf scales, with complementary isotopic labeling experiments, we show that vegetation (leaves, flowers, and phytoplankton) emits a wide variety of benzenoid compounds to the atmosphere at substantial rates. Controlled environment experiments show that plants are able to alter their metabolism to produce and release many benzenoids under stress conditions. The functions of these compounds remain unclear but may be related to chemical communication and protection against stress. We estimate the total global secondary organic aerosol potential from biogenic benzenoids to be similar to that from anthropogenic benzenoids (~10 Tg y−1), pointing to the importance of these natural emissions in atmospheric physics and chemistry.
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000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHewitt, C. N.$$b1
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129421$$aWildt, J.$$b2
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBlande, J. D.$$b3
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEller, A. S. D.$$b4
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFares, S.$$b5
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGentner, D. R.$$b6
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGilman, J. B.$$b7
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGraus, M.$$b8
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGreenberg, J.$$b9
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGuenther, A. B.$$b10
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHansel, A.$$b11
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHarley, P.$$b12
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHuang, M.$$b13
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJardine, K.$$b14
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKarl, T.$$b15
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKaser, L.$$b16
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKeutsch, F. N.$$b17
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)4528$$aKiendler-Scharr, A.$$b18
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129345$$aKleist, E.$$b19
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLerner, B. M.$$b20
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLi, T.$$b21
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMak, J.$$b22
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNölscher, A. C.$$b23
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchnitzhofer, R.$$b24
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSinha, V.$$b25
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aThornton, B.$$b26
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWarneke, C.$$b27
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWegener, F.$$b28
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWerner, C.$$b29
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWilliams, J.$$b30
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWorton, D. R.$$b31
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aYassaa, N.$$b32
000276178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGoldstein, A. H.$$b33
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