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@ARTICLE{Goris:276361,
      author       = {Goris, N. and Elbern, H.},
      title        = {{S}ingular vector based targeted observations of chemical
                      constituents: description and first application of the
                      {EURAD}-{IM}-{SVA}},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development discussions},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1991-962X},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-06819},
      pages        = {6267 - 6307},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Measurements of the large dimensional chemical state of the
                      atmosphere provide only sparse snapshots of the state of the
                      system due to their typically insufficient temporal and
                      spatial density. In order to optimize the measurement
                      configurations despite those limitations, the present work
                      describes the identification of sensitive states of the
                      chemical system as optimal target areas for adaptive
                      observations. For this purpose, the technique of singular
                      vector analysis (SVA), which has been proved effective for
                      targeted observations in numerical weather predication, is
                      implemented into the chemical transport model EURAD-IM
                      (EURopean Air pollution and Dispersion – Inverse Model)
                      yielding the EURAD-IM-SVA. Besides initial values, emissions
                      are investigated as critical simulation controlling
                      targeting variables. For both variants, singular vectors are
                      applied to determine the optimal placement for observations
                      and moreover to quantify which chemical compounds have to be
                      observed with preference. Based on measurements of the
                      airship based ZEPTER-2 campaign, the EURAD-IM-SVA has been
                      evaluated by conducting a comprehensive set of model runs
                      involving different initial states and simulation lengths.
                      Since the considered cases are restricted in terms of
                      considered chemical compounds and selected areas, they allow
                      for a retracing of the results and a confirmation of their
                      correctness. Our analysis shows that the optimal placement
                      for observations of chemical species is not entirely
                      determined by mere transport and mixing processes. Rather, a
                      combination of initial chemical concentrations, chemical
                      conversions, and meteorological processes determine the
                      influence of chemical compounds and regions. We furthermore
                      demonstrate that the optimal placement of observations of
                      emission strengths is highly dependent on the location of
                      emission sources and that the benefit of including emissions
                      as target variables outperforms the value of initial value
                      optimisation with growing simulation length. The obtained
                      results confirm the benefit of considering both initial
                      values and emission strengths as target variables and of
                      applying the EURAD-IM-SVA for measurement decision guidance
                      with respect to chemical compounds.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {910},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmdd-8-6267-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/276361},
}