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@ARTICLE{Rajnak:278972,
      author       = {Rajnak, Michal and Petrenko, Viktor I. and Avdeev, Mikhail
                      V. and Ivankov, Olexandr I. and Feoktystov, Artem and
                      Dolnik, Bystrik and Kurimsky, Juraj and Kopcansky, Peter and
                      Timko, Milan},
      title        = {{D}irect observation of electric field induced pattern
                      formation and particle aggregation in ferrofluids},
      journal      = {Applied physics letters},
      volume       = {107},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1077-3118},
      address      = {Melville, NY},
      publisher    = {American Inst. of Physics},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-07142},
      pages        = {073108 -},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Ferrofluids typically respond to magnetic fields and can be
                      manipulated by external magnetic fields. Here, we report on
                      formation of visually observable patterns in a diluted
                      low-polarity ferrofluid exposed to external electric fields.
                      This presents a specific type of ferrofluid structure driven
                      by a combined effect of electrohydrodynamics and electrical
                      body forces. The free charge and permittivity variation are
                      considered to play a key role in the observed phenomenon.
                      The corresponding changes in the ferrofluid structure have
                      been found at nanoscale as well. By small-angle neutron
                      scattering (SANS), we show that the magnetic nanoparticles
                      aggregate in direct current (dc) electric field with a
                      strong dependence on the field intensity. The anisotropic
                      aggregates preferably orient in the direction of the applied
                      electric field. Conducting SANS experiments with alternating
                      current (ac) electric fields of various frequencies, we
                      found a critical frequency triggering the aggregation
                      process. Our experimental study could open future
                      applications of ferrofluids based on insulating liquids.},
      cin          = {JCNS (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000360390500051},
      doi          = {10.1063/1.4929342},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/278972},
}