000279162 001__ 279162
000279162 005__ 20210129221014.0
000279162 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.010
000279162 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0379-0738
000279162 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1872-6283
000279162 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000368011500050
000279162 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:4568080
000279162 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:26461030
000279162 037__ $$aFZJ-2015-07233
000279162 082__ $$a340
000279162 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFiedler, S.$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000279162 245__ $$aThe chemistry of death – Adipocere degradation in modern graveyards
000279162 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2015
000279162 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1449732823_5833
000279162 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article
000279162 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article
000279162 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE
000279162 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE
000279162 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle
000279162 520__ $$aThe formation of adipocere slows further decomposition and preserves corpses for decades or even centuries. This resistance to degradation is a serious problem, especially with regard to the reuse of graves after regular resting times.We present results from an exhumation series in modern graveyards where coffins from water-saturated earth graves contained adipocere embedded in black humic material after resting times of about 30 years. Based on the assumption that this humic material resulted from in situ degradation of adipocere, its presence contradicts the commonly held opinion that adipocere decomposition only occurs under aerobic conditions.To test our hypothesis, we collected black humic material, adipocere as well as soil samples above and below coffins from representative graves (n = 7). A comprehensive chemical analysis of the samples substantiated our in situ degradation theory. Element compositions and fatty acid mass spectra confirmed that the humic black material originated from the corpses. A van Krevelen diagram classified the excavated adipocere material as lipid, whereas the black humic material was closer to the carbohydrate region. Mass fragmentograms of the humic material revealed the presence of large amounts of saturated vs. unsaturated nC16 and nC18 fatty acids, which is typical for adipocere. In addition, the soil samples exhibited a lipid signature deriving primarily from plant waxes and root components (C20single bondC32). Solid-state 13C NMR spectra of adipocere displayed well-resolved signals of saturated aliphatic chains and a signal that corresponded to carboxylic acid groups. The NMR spectra of the black humic material revealed signals characteristic of long aliphatic chains. The intensities varied in relation to the state of degradation of the sample, as did the signals of oxidized aliphatic chains, acetals and ketals, aromatic structures, esters and amids. The analyses confirmed that the black humic material was indeed derived from adipocere, so the assumption is that the components detected must have developed from aliphatic fatty acids via a number of oxidation and condensation processes.We therefore propose the existence of chemical pathway(s) for the degradation of adipocere under poikiloaerobic conditions. Possible (biogeo)chemical reaction chains include (1) the autoxidation of fatty acids enhanced by haemoglobin, methaemoglobin and haemin, (2) the use of alternative electron acceptors, which leads to the formation of H2S that then reacts abiotically with iron (from haemoglobin), rendering iron sulphide, and (3) the Maillard reaction. These findings are another step forward in understanding the chemistry of buried corpses.
000279162 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255$$a255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)$$cPOF3-255$$fPOF III$$x0
000279162 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef
000279162 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129438$$aBerns, A. E.$$b1$$ufzj
000279162 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchwark, L.$$b2
000279162 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWoelk, A. T.$$b3
000279162 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGraw, M.$$b4
000279162 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2006235-7$$a10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.010$$gVol. 257, p. 320 - 328$$p320 - 328$$tForensic science international$$v257$$x0379-0738$$y2015
000279162 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279162/files/1-s2.0-S0379073815003825-main.pdf$$yRestricted
000279162 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279162/files/1-s2.0-S0379073815003825-main.gif?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yRestricted
000279162 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279162/files/1-s2.0-S0379073815003825-main.jpg?subformat=icon-1440$$xicon-1440$$yRestricted
000279162 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279162/files/1-s2.0-S0379073815003825-main.jpg?subformat=icon-180$$xicon-180$$yRestricted
000279162 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279162/files/1-s2.0-S0379073815003825-main.jpg?subformat=icon-640$$xicon-640$$yRestricted
000279162 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279162/files/1-s2.0-S0379073815003825-main.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yRestricted
000279162 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:279162$$pVDB:Earth_Environment$$pVDB
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0420$$2StatID$$aNationallizenz
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0310$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bNCBI Molecular Biology Database
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bFORENSIC SCI INT : 2014
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bThomson Reuters Master Journal List
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0110$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0111$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1110$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Clinical Medicine
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1040$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bZoological Record
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1050$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBIOSIS Previews
000279162 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9900$$2StatID$$aIF < 5
000279162 9141_ $$y2015
000279162 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)129438$$aForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH$$b1$$kFZJ
000279162 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF3-250$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF3-200$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF3$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bErde und Umwelt$$lTerrestrische Umwelt$$vTerrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction$$x0
000279162 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118$$kIBG-3$$lAgrosphäre$$x0
000279162 980__ $$ajournal
000279162 980__ $$aVDB
000279162 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118
000279162 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED