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@ARTICLE{Abalos:279371,
      author       = {Abalos, Marta and Legras, Bernard and Ploeger, Felix and
                      Randel, William J.},
      title        = {{E}valuating the advective {B}rewer-{D}obson circulation in
                      three reanalyses for the period 1979-2012},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {120},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {2169-897X},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-07383},
      pages        = {7534-7554},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Most chemistry-climate models show an intensification of
                      the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) in the stratosphere
                      associated with increasing greenhouse gas emissions and
                      ozone depletion in the last decades, but this trend remains
                      to be confirmed in observational data. In this work the
                      evolution of the advective BDC for the period 1979–2012 is
                      evaluated and compared in three modern reanalyses
                      (ERA-Interim, MERRA, and JRA-55). Three different estimates
                      of the BDC are computed for each reanalysis, one based on
                      the definition of the residual circulation and two indirect
                      estimates derived from momentum and thermodynamic balances.
                      The comparison among the nine estimates shows substantial
                      uncertainty in the mean magnitude $(∼40\%)$ but
                      significant common variability. The tropical upwelling
                      series show variability linked to the stratospheric
                      quasi-biennial oscillation and to El Niño–Southern
                      Oscillation (ENSO) and also reflect extreme events such as
                      major sudden stratospheric warmings and volcanic eruptions.
                      The trend analysis suggests a strengthening of tropical
                      upwelling of around $2–5\%/decade$ throughout the layer
                      100–10 hPa. The global spatial structure of the BDC
                      trends provides evidence of an overall acceleration of the
                      circulation in both hemispheres, with qualitative agreement
                      among the estimates. The global BDC trends are mainly linked
                      to changes in the boreal winter season and can be tracked to
                      long-term increases in the resolved wave drag in both
                      hemispheres.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000360501900015},
      doi          = {10.1002/2015JD023182},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279371},
}