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@ARTICLE{Ploeger:279376,
      author       = {Ploeger, F. and Riese, M. and Haenel, F. and Konopka, P.
                      and Stiller, G. and Müller, Rolf},
      title        = {{V}ariability of stratospheric mean age of air and of the
                      local effects of residual circulation and eddy mixing},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {120},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2169-897X},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-07388},
      pages        = {716 - 733},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {We analyze the variability of mean age of air (AoA) and of
                      the local effects of the stratospheric residual circulation
                      and eddy mixing on AoA within the framework of the
                      isentropic zonal mean continuity equation. AoA for the
                      period 1988–2013 has been simulated with the Lagrangian
                      chemistry transport model CLaMS driven by ERA-Interim winds
                      and diabatic heating rates. Model simulated AoA in the lower
                      stratosphere shows good agreement with both in situ
                      observations and satellite observations from Michelson
                      Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, even
                      regarding interannual variability and changes during the
                      last decade. The interannual variability throughout the
                      lower stratosphere is largely affected by the
                      quasi-biennial-oscillation-induced circulation and mixing
                      anomalies, with year-to-year AoA changes of about 0.5 years.
                      The decadal 2002–2012 change shows decreasing AoA in the
                      lowest stratosphere, below about 450 K. Above, AoA
                      increases in the Northern Hemisphere and decreases in the
                      Southern Hemisphere. Mixing appears to be crucial for
                      understanding AoA variability, with local AoA changes
                      resulting from a close balance between residual circulation
                      and mixing effects. Locally, mixing increases AoA at low
                      latitudes (40°S–40°N) and decreases AoA at higher
                      latitudes. Strongest mixing occurs below about 500 K,
                      consistent with the separation between shallow and deep
                      circulation branches. The effect of mixing integrated along
                      the air parcel path, however, significantly increases AoA
                      globally, except in the polar lower stratosphere. Changes of
                      local effects of residual circulation and mixing during the
                      last decade are supportive of a strengthening shallow
                      circulation branch in the lowest stratosphere and a
                      southward shifting circulation pattern above.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000350117100022},
      doi          = {10.1002/2014JD022468},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279376},
}