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@ARTICLE{Jalowicka:279594,
      author       = {Jalowicka, Aleksandra and Duan, Ran and Huczkowski, Pawel
                      and Chyrkin, Anton and Grüner, Daniel and Pint, B. A. and
                      Unocic, K. A. and Quadakkers, Willem J.},
      title        = {{E}ffect of {S}pecimen {T}hickness on {M}icrostructural
                      {C}hanges {D}uring {O}xidation of the {N}i{C}r{W} {A}lloy
                      230 at 950-1050°{C}},
      journal      = {JOM},
      volume       = {67},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0148-6608},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-07478},
      pages        = {2573-2588},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {An accurate procedure for predicting oxidation-induced
                      damage and lifetime limits is crucial for the reliable
                      operation of high-temperature metallic components in
                      practical applications. In order to develop a predictive
                      oxidation lifetime model for Ni–Cr alloys, specimens of
                      wrought NiCrW alloy 230 with different thicknesses were
                      cyclically oxidized in air at 950–1050°C for up to 3000
                      h. After prolonged exposure, two types of carbides as well
                      as a Cr-rich nitride (π-phase) precipitated in the γ-Ni
                      matrix. The oxidation-induced loss of Cr from the alloy
                      resulted in the formation of subscale zones, which were free
                      of the Cr-rich carbide and nitride but also of the Ni-W rich
                      M6C. The width of the M6C-free zone was smaller than that
                      free of the Cr-rich precipitates. Thermodynamic and
                      diffusion calculations of the observed time- and
                      temperature-dependent Cr depletion processes identified that
                      back diffusion of C occurred which resulted in an increased
                      volume fraction of M23C6 in the specimen core. With
                      increasing time and temperature, the amount of π-phase in
                      the specimen core increased. The subscale depletion of the
                      initially present Cr-nitrides and the formation of
                      Cr-nitrides in the specimen center is believed to be related
                      to a mechanism which is qualitatively similar to that
                      described for the Cr carbide enrichment. However, with
                      increasing time and decreasing specimen thickness, N uptake
                      from the atmosphere becomes apparent. As a result, the
                      precipitates present in the specimen center eventually
                      consisted almost exclusively of nitrides},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111) /
                      HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in
                      Energy and Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000363936400012},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11837-015-1645-8},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279594},
}