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@PHDTHESIS{BenitoAbascal:279664,
      author       = {Benito Abascal, Maria},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of {H}$_{2}${O}, {HC}l and {H}$_{2}${S} on the
                      {R}elease and {C}ondensation of {T}race {M}etals in
                      {G}asification},
      volume       = {310},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-07546},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-125-5},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {XIX, 172 S.},
      year         = {2016},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2015},
      abstract     = {High temperature coal utilization processes such as
                      gasification emit hazardous traces of heavy metals into the
                      atmosphere, impacting the environment, human health and
                      causing technological problems in gasification plants. These
                      trace metals present in parts per million levels in coal
                      give rise to several tons of these pollutants in the
                      environment per year. Therefore, the development of cleaner
                      and more efficient techniques in next generation coal power
                      plants is essential. A promising coal utilization process is
                      the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) with
                      integrated hot gas purification and CO$_{2}$ separation. An
                      increased efficiency and a decreased amount of heavy metal
                      species can be accomplished through hot fuel gas cleaning.
                      However, in order to develop clean up techniques that reduce
                      or remove heavy metal traces, it is necessary to understand
                      their behaviour during the gasification process. Some
                      studies have already determined that the chlorine, sulphur
                      and moisture content of fuels have a significant influence
                      on the behaviour of some trace metals. Hereby, the influence
                      of steam, HCl and H$_{2}$S on the release and condensation
                      of Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Sn and V was experimentally investigated.
                      The condensation behaviour (temperature and speciation) of
                      the heavy metal vapours was investigated in a heated flow
                      channel reactor housed in a furnace with a gas cooling zone.
                      Experiments on the release of the inorganic vapours were
                      carried out in a heated flow channel reactor coupled to a
                      molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) in order to analyse
                      the gas in-situ. The results of the experimental
                      investigation were compared with “Scheil-Gulliver
                      Cooling” calculations performed by Fact Sage 6.3.
                      Furthermore, thermodynamic pseudo-equilibrium calculations
                      were carried out to predict the condensation behaviour of
                      the heavy metals under the influence of super-cooling and
                      chemical reaction control. A better understanding of the
                      gasification process and a new insight into the optimization
                      of the process to reduce the trace metal emissions was
                      achieved.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111) /
                      HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in
                      Energy and Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279664},
}