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@PHDTHESIS{Vonberg:279909,
      author       = {Vonberg, David Stefan},
      title        = {{A}trazine in the environment 20 years after its ban:
                      long-term monitoring of a shallow aquifer(in western
                      {G}ermany) and soil residue analysis},
      volume       = {293},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-07783},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-099-9},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {149 S.},
      year         = {2015},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2015},
      abstract     = {Atrazine, one of the worldwide most widespread herbicides,
                      was banned in Germany in 1991 and in the European Union in
                      2004, due to findings of atrazine concentrations in ground-
                      and drinking waters exceeding the threshold value of 0.1 μg
                      L-1. Nevertheless atrazine and the metabolite
                      deethylatrazine were still detected in German aquifers more
                      than 10 years after its prohibition, often without any
                      considerable decreasing trend in groundwater concentration.
                      Because atrazine was already found to be persistent in soils
                      for more than two decades after the last application, the
                      hypothesis was raised that a continued release of atrazine
                      residues from the soil into groundwaters might sustain
                      atrazine groundwater concentrations on elevated levels. The
                      overall objective of this study was to investigate the
                      occurrence and concentration trends of atrazine and its main
                      metabolites in the groundwater-soil environment after the
                      prohibition of its use. Accordingly, in this study results
                      of i) 20 years of atrazine groundwater monitoring of a a
                      shallow aquifer in western Germany since its ban and ii)
                      atrazine soil residue analyses in the vadose zone of the
                      same study area 21 years after its ban are presented. The
                      phreatic Zwischenscholle aquifer located in the Lower Rhine
                      Embayment is exposed to intensive agricultural land use and
                      is highly susceptible to contaminants due to a shallowwater
                      table. In total 60 observation wells (OWs) have been
                      monitored since 1991, of which 11 are sampled monthly today.
                      Descriptive statistics of monitoring data were derived
                      usingthe “regression on order statistics” (ROS) data
                      censoring approach, estimating values for nonquantifiable
                      values rather than substitute them by e.g. half of the limit
                      of quantification and taking the risk of biasing statistical
                      parameters. The monitoring data shows that even 20 years
                      after the ban of atrazine, the groundwater concentrations of
                      sampled OWs remain on a level close to the threshold value
                      of 0.1 μg L-1 without any considerable decrease ...},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2016022938},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279909},
}