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@ARTICLE{Wagner:279956,
      author       = {Wagner, A. and Blechschmidt, A.-M. and Bouarar, I. and
                      Brunke, E.-G. and Clerbaux, C. and Cupeiro, M. and
                      Cristofanelli, P. and Eskes, H. and Flemming, J. and
                      Flentje, H. and George, M. and Gilge, S. and Hilboll, A. and
                      Inness, A. and Kapsomenakis, J. and Richter, A. and Ries, L.
                      and Spangl, W. and Stein, O. and Weller, R. and Zerefos, C.},
      title        = {{E}valuation of the {MACC} operational forecast system –
                      potential and challenges of global near-real-time modelling
                      with respect to reactive gases in the troposphere},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-07813},
      pages        = {14005 - 14030},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC)
                      project represents the European Union's Copernicus
                      Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
                      (http://www.copernicus.eu/), which became fully operational
                      during 2015. The global near-real-time MACC model production
                      run for aerosol and reactive gases provides daily analyses
                      and 5-day forecasts of atmospheric composition fields. It is
                      the only assimilation system worldwide that is operational
                      to produce global analyses and forecasts of reactive gases
                      and aerosol fields. We have investigated the ability of the
                      MACC analysis system to simulate tropospheric concentrations
                      of reactive gases covering the period between 2009 and 2012.
                      A validation was performed based on carbon monoxide (CO),
                      nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) surface observations
                      from the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) network, the O3
                      surface observations from the European Monitoring and
                      Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and, furthermore, NO2
                      tropospheric columns, as well as CO total columns, derived
                      from satellite sensors. The MACC system proved capable of
                      reproducing reactive gas concentrations with consistent
                      quality; however, with a seasonally dependent bias compared
                      to surface and satellite observations – for northern
                      hemispheric surface O3 mixing ratios, positive biases appear
                      during the warm seasons and negative biases during the cold
                      parts of the year, with monthly modified normalised mean
                      biases (MNMBs) ranging between −30 and 30 $\%$ at the
                      surface. Model biases are likely to result from difficulties
                      in the simulation of vertical mixing at night and
                      deficiencies in the model's dry deposition parameterisation.
                      Observed tropospheric columns of NO2 and CO could be
                      reproduced correctly during the warm seasons, but are mostly
                      underestimated by the model during the cold seasons, when
                      anthropogenic emissions are at their highest level,
                      especially over the US, Europe and Asia. Monthly MNMBs of
                      the satellite data evaluation range from values between
                      −110 and 40 $\%$ for NO2 and at most −20 $\%$ for CO,
                      over the investigated regions. The underestimation is likely
                      to result from a combination of errors concerning the dry
                      deposition parameterisation and certain limitations in the
                      current emission inventories, together with an
                      insufficiently established seasonality in the emissions.},
      cin          = {IEK-8 / JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243) / 511 - Computational
                      Science and Mathematical Methods (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000367384200010},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-15-14005-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/279956},
}