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@ARTICLE{Homan:280601,
      author       = {Homan, N. M. and Windt, Carel and Vergeldt, F. J. and
                      Gerkema, E. and Van As, H.},
      title        = {0.7 and 3 {T} {MRI} and {S}ap {F}low in {I}ntact {T}rees:
                      {X}ylem and {P}hloem in {A}ction},
      journal      = {Applied magnetic resonance},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1613-7507},
      address      = {Wien [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-00369},
      pages        = {157 - 170},
      year         = {2007},
      abstract     = {Dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware is
                      described that allows imaging of sap flow in intact trees
                      with a maximal trunk diameter of 4 cm and height of several
                      meters. This setup is used to investigate xylem and phloem
                      flow in an intact tree quantitatively. Due to the fragile
                      gradients in pressure present in both xylem and phloem,
                      methods to study xylem and phloem transport must be
                      minimally invasive. MRI flow imaging by means of this
                      hardware certainly fulfils this condition. Flow is
                      quantified in terms of (averaged) velocity, volume flow
                      (flux) and flow conducting area, either in imaging mode or
                      as a nonspatially resolved total. Results obtained for one
                      tree, imaged at two different field strengths (0.7 and 3 T),
                      are compared. An overall shortening of observed T 2 values
                      is manifest going from 0.7 to 3 T. Although some
                      susceptibility artefacts may be present at 3 T, the results
                      are still reliable and the gain in sensitivity results in
                      shorter measurement time (or higher signal-to-noise ratio)
                      with respect to the 0.7 T system. The results demonstrate
                      that by use of dedicated hardware, xylem and phloem flow and
                      its mutual interaction, can be studied in intact trees in
                      relation to the water balance and in response to
                      environmental (stress) conditions.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000249319500010},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00723-007-0014-3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/280601},
}