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@ARTICLE{Windt:280606,
      author       = {Windt, Carel and VERGELDT, FRANK J. and DE JAGER, P. ADRIE
                      and VAN AS, HENK},
      title        = {{MRI} of long-distance water transport: a comparison of the
                      phloem and xylem flow characteristics and dynamics in
                      poplar, castor bean, tomato and tobacco},
      journal      = {Plant, cell $\&$ environment},
      volume       = {29},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1365-3040},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-00374},
      pages        = {1715 - 1729},
      year         = {2006},
      abstract     = {We used dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
                      equipment and methods to study phloem and xylem transport in
                      large potted plants. Quantitative flow profiles were
                      obtained on a per-pixel basis, giving parameter maps of
                      velocity, flow-conducting area and volume flow (flux). The
                      diurnal xylem and phloem flow dynamics in poplar, castor
                      bean, tomato and tobacco were compared. In poplar, clear
                      diurnal differences in phloem flow profile were found, but
                      phloem flux remained constant. In tomato, only small diurnal
                      differences in flow profile were observed. In castor bean
                      and tobacco, phloem flow remained unchanged. In all plants,
                      xylem flow profiles showed large diurnal variation.
                      Decreases in xylem flux were accompanied by a decrease in
                      velocity and flow-conducting area. The diurnal changes in
                      flow-conducting area of phloem and xylem could not be
                      explained by pressure-dependent elastic changes in conduit
                      diameter. The phloem to xylem flux ratio reflects what
                      fraction of xylem water is used for phloem transport
                      (Munch's counterflow). This ratio was large at night for
                      poplar (0.19), castor bean (0.37) and tobacco (0.55), but
                      low in tomato (0.04). The differences in phloem flow
                      velocity between the four species, as well as within a
                      diurnal cycle, were remarkably small (0.25-0.40 mm s(-1)).
                      We hypothesize that upper and lower bounds for phloem flow
                      velocity may exist: when phloem flow velocity is too high,
                      parietal organelles may be stripped away from sieve tube
                      walls; when sap flow is too slow or is highly variable,
                      phloem-borne signalling could become unpredictable.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000239370700004},
      doi          = {10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01544.x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/280606},
}